TY - JOUR
T1 - Viremia Does Not Independently Predict Cardiovascular Disease in People With HIV
T2 - A RESPOND Cohort Study
AU - Elvstam, Olof
AU - Ryom, Lene
AU - Neesgaard, Bastian
AU - Tau, Luba
AU - Günthard, Huldrych F
AU - Zangerle, Robert
AU - Vehreschild, Jörg Janne
AU - Wit, Ferdinand
AU - Sönnerborg, Anders
AU - Kovari, Helen
AU - Abutidze, Akaki
AU - Petoumenos, Kathy
AU - Jaschinski, Nadine
AU - Hosein, Sean
AU - Bogner, Johannes
AU - Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Katharina
AU - Garges, Harmony
AU - Rooney, Jim
AU - Young, Lital
AU - Law, Matthew
AU - Kirk, Ole
AU - RESPOND Study Group
N1 - © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: HIV viremia has been considered a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but many studies have had insufficient data on potential confounders. We explored the association between viremia and CVD after adjusting for established risk factors and analyzed whether consideration of viremia would improve CVD prediction.METHODS: Adults from RESPOND were followed from the first date with available data until the first of rigorously defined CVD, loss to follow-up, death, or administrative censoring. We first analyzed the associations between 6 measures of viremia (time-updated, before antiretroviral therapy [ART], viremia category, and measures of cumulative viremia) and CVD after adjusting for the variables in the D:A:D CVD score (age, sex/gender, smoking, family history, diabetes, recent abacavir, CD4 count, blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cumulative use of stavudine, didanosine, indinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir). We subsequently compared predictive performance with and without viremia in 5-fold internal cross-validation.RESULTS: A total of 547 events were observed in 17 497 persons (median follow-up, 6.8 years). Although some viremia variables were associated with CVD in univariable analyses, there were no statistically significant associations after adjusting for potential confounders, neither for measures of current viral load, pre-ART viral load, highest viremia category during ART, nor cumulative viremia (modeled both as total cumulative viremia, cumulative viremia during ART, and recent cumulative viremia). Consistently, none of the viremia variables improved prediction capacity.CONCLUSIONS: In this large international cohort, HIV viremia was not associated with CVD when adjusting for established risk factors. Our results did not show viremia to be predictive of CVD among people with HIV.
AB - BACKGROUND: HIV viremia has been considered a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but many studies have had insufficient data on potential confounders. We explored the association between viremia and CVD after adjusting for established risk factors and analyzed whether consideration of viremia would improve CVD prediction.METHODS: Adults from RESPOND were followed from the first date with available data until the first of rigorously defined CVD, loss to follow-up, death, or administrative censoring. We first analyzed the associations between 6 measures of viremia (time-updated, before antiretroviral therapy [ART], viremia category, and measures of cumulative viremia) and CVD after adjusting for the variables in the D:A:D CVD score (age, sex/gender, smoking, family history, diabetes, recent abacavir, CD4 count, blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cumulative use of stavudine, didanosine, indinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir). We subsequently compared predictive performance with and without viremia in 5-fold internal cross-validation.RESULTS: A total of 547 events were observed in 17 497 persons (median follow-up, 6.8 years). Although some viremia variables were associated with CVD in univariable analyses, there were no statistically significant associations after adjusting for potential confounders, neither for measures of current viral load, pre-ART viral load, highest viremia category during ART, nor cumulative viremia (modeled both as total cumulative viremia, cumulative viremia during ART, and recent cumulative viremia). Consistently, none of the viremia variables improved prediction capacity.CONCLUSIONS: In this large international cohort, HIV viremia was not associated with CVD when adjusting for established risk factors. Our results did not show viremia to be predictive of CVD among people with HIV.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85216938337&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ofid/ofaf016
DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofaf016
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 39896984
SN - 2328-8957
VL - 12
JO - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
JF - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
IS - 2
M1 - ofaf016
ER -