The Association Between Season of Birth and Atopic Dermatitis in the Northern Hemisphere: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Monika Calov, Farzad Alinaghi, Carsten Robert Hamann, Jonathan Silverberg, Alexander Egeberg, Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen

35 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cold and dry climate negatively affects skin barrier functions. This could explain the higher incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Northern countries distant from the equator, as well as the general worsening of AD in Northern European winter months. Although it has been suggested that fall and winter birth is associated with AD, this remains unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the prevalence of AD is associated with season of birth.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently searched 3 databases. Study quality was assessed using a Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Study heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q and I2 statistics. Odds ratios with 95% CIs were calculated. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.

RESULTS: The systematic review identified 23 relevant articles of which 9 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Among a total of 726,378 children aged 0 to 12 years, the overall pooled prevalence of AD was 12.9%. The pooled prevalence of AD was 15.4% (95% CI, 12.1%-19.1%), 14.9% (95% CI, 12.0%-18.1%), 12.7% (95% CI, 10.2%-15.4%), and 13.7% (95% CI, 10.8%-17.0%), among children born in the fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively. AD was significantly associated with fall (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28; P = .0018) and winter (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.27; P = .0076) birth compared with spring birth.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a positive and significant association was observed between being born in fall and winter and developing AD on the Northern hemisphere, there is a need for additional and better-designed studies to understand the effect of seasonal changes on the risk of AD.

Original languageEnglish
JournalThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
Volume8
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)674-680.e5
ISSN2213-2198
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2020

Keywords

  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Birth season
  • Climate
  • Pediatric
  • Risk

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