TY - JOUR
T1 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk
T2 - The Role of Environmental Factors
AU - Liu, Jia Li
AU - Woo, Jennifer M.P.
AU - Parks, Christine G.
AU - Costenbader, Karen H.
AU - Jacobsen, Søren
AU - Bernatsky, Sasha
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors have nothing to disclose.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial and includes potential environmental triggers, which may occur sequentially (the "multi-hit" hypothesis). This review focuses on SLE risk potentially associated with environmental factors including infections, the microbiome, diet, respirable exposures (eg, crystalline silica, smoking, air pollution), organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation.
AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial and includes potential environmental triggers, which may occur sequentially (the "multi-hit" hypothesis). This review focuses on SLE risk potentially associated with environmental factors including infections, the microbiome, diet, respirable exposures (eg, crystalline silica, smoking, air pollution), organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation.
KW - Environmental triggers
KW - Infections
KW - Microbiome
KW - Pollution
KW - Smoking
KW - Systemic lupus erythematosus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139193519&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.005
DO - 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.06.005
M3 - Review
C2 - 36332998
AN - SCOPUS:85139193519
VL - 48
SP - 827
EP - 843
JO - Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
JF - Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
SN - 0889-857X
IS - 4
ER -