TY - JOUR

T1 - Small Hard Macular Drusen and Associations in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children in the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study

AU - Munch, Inger Christine

AU - Li, Xiao Qiang

AU - Ahmad, Shaista Sumbal Mulk

AU - Olsen, Else Marie

AU - Skovgaard, Anne Mette

AU - Larsen, Michael

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - Purpose: To assess the prevalence and associations of small hard drusen in a child cohort.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 11- to 12-year-old Danish children from the population-based Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study. Fovea-centered, 45° color images of both eyes were graded for macular drusen (within one optic-disc-rim-to-fovea distance of the foveal center) and for extramacular drusen. Analyses tested for associations between drusen and anthropometric measures including choroidal thickness.Results: Gradable fundus images from both eyes were available for 1333 children (640 boys, 693 girls) with a mean (SD) age of 11.7 (0.40) years. One or more small hard macular drusen (diameter <63 μm) were present in 82 (6.2%) right eyes and 82 (6.2%) left eyes and in 147 (11.0%) subjects. Four children (0.30%) had 20 or more small hard macular drusen in one or both eyes. Extramacular small hard drusen were present in 10.7% of children, and 19% of children had such drusen anywhere. The odds for having one or more small hard macular drusen increased with subfoveal choroidal thickness with an odds ratio of 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.28; P = 0.013) per 50-μm thicker choroid, adjusted for age and sex. The association with choroidal thickness was also present for extramacular drusen.Conclusions: Having one or more small hard macular drusen was common in 11- to 12-year old children and it was associated with a thicker subfoveal choroid. Few children had many small hard drusen. There is no apparent clinical impact of small hard drusen in childhood.

AB - Purpose: To assess the prevalence and associations of small hard drusen in a child cohort.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 11- to 12-year-old Danish children from the population-based Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study. Fovea-centered, 45° color images of both eyes were graded for macular drusen (within one optic-disc-rim-to-fovea distance of the foveal center) and for extramacular drusen. Analyses tested for associations between drusen and anthropometric measures including choroidal thickness.Results: Gradable fundus images from both eyes were available for 1333 children (640 boys, 693 girls) with a mean (SD) age of 11.7 (0.40) years. One or more small hard macular drusen (diameter <63 μm) were present in 82 (6.2%) right eyes and 82 (6.2%) left eyes and in 147 (11.0%) subjects. Four children (0.30%) had 20 or more small hard macular drusen in one or both eyes. Extramacular small hard drusen were present in 10.7% of children, and 19% of children had such drusen anywhere. The odds for having one or more small hard macular drusen increased with subfoveal choroidal thickness with an odds ratio of 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.28; P = 0.013) per 50-μm thicker choroid, adjusted for age and sex. The association with choroidal thickness was also present for extramacular drusen.Conclusions: Having one or more small hard macular drusen was common in 11- to 12-year old children and it was associated with a thicker subfoveal choroid. Few children had many small hard drusen. There is no apparent clinical impact of small hard drusen in childhood.

KW - Child

KW - Choroid/pathology

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Denmark/epidemiology

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Macula Lutea/pathology

KW - Male

KW - Prevalence

KW - Retinal Drusen/epidemiology

U2 - 10.1167/iovs.18-25877

DO - 10.1167/iovs.18-25877

M3 - Journal article

VL - 60

SP - 1454

EP - 1460

JO - Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

JF - Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

SN - 0146-0404

IS - 5

ER -