Secular trends in risk of stroke according to body mass index and blood pressure, 1976-2017

Julie Riis, Børge G Nordestgaard, Gorm B Jensen, Shoaib Afzal

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the associations of body mass index (BMI) and BMI-related risk factors with risk of stroke have attenuated over time using cohorts recruited from the general population over 4 decades.

METHODS: We undertook prospective studies of 2 cohorts enrolled in 1976 to 1978 (13,567 participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study) and 2003 to 2015 (107,040 participants from the Copenhagen General Population Study). Each cohort was recruited randomly from the Danish general population 20 to 100 years of age. Participants were followed up from the date of examination to date of emigration, death, or stroke event, whichever occurred first. Follow-up ended in March 2017. We did not lose track of any individual. BMI and blood pressure were modeled with splines and in categories. Main outcome was incident stroke, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

RESULTS: The crude incidence of stroke declined in extreme categories of BMI and blood pressure from 1977 to 2017. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for stroke in participants with BMI ≥30 vs 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 were 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.2-1.6) in the 1976-1978 cohort and 1.1 (1.0-1.2) in the 2003-2015 cohort (p = 0.008 for 1976-1978 vs 2003-2015). The corresponding hazard ratios (confidence intervals) in participants with blood pressure ≥160/100 vs <140/90 mm Hg were 2.1 (1.9-2.3) and 1.5 (1.4-1.7), respectively (p < 0.001). Similar secular trends were observed for diabetes mellitus but were not obvious for other risk factors.

CONCLUSION: The associations of high BMI and high blood pressure with higher risk of stroke were attenuated across 2 Danish cohorts enrolled from 1976 through 2015.

Original languageEnglish
JournalNeurology
Volume93
Issue number14
Pages (from-to)e1397-e1407
ISSN0028-3878
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2019

Keywords

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Blood Pressure/physiology
  • Body Mass Index
  • Cohort Studies
  • Denmark/epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension/diagnosis
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Stroke/diagnosis

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Secular trends in risk of stroke according to body mass index and blood pressure, 1976-2017'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this