Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging

Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew Wilson; Rachel Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganeshan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco Antonio Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo L Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana C Fandiño; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Maria Correa Llano; Elisa Carreras; American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force; Steffen Heegaard

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging

Ankit Singh Tomar
, Paul T Finger^*
, Brenda Gallie
, Tero Kivelä
, Ashwin Mallipatna
, Chengyue Zhang
, Junyang Zhao
, Matthew Wilson
, Rachel Brennan
, Michala Burges
, Jonathan Kim
, Jesse L Berry
, Rima Jubran
, Vikas Khetan
, Suganeswari Ganeshan
, Andrey Yarovoy
, Vera Yarovaya
, Elena Kotova
, Denis Volodin
, Yacoub Yousef

Kalle Nummi, Tatiana L Ushakova, Olga V Yugay, Vladimir G Polyakov, Marco Antonio Ramirez-Ortiz, Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar, Guillermo L Chantada, Paula Schaiquevich, Adriana C Fandiño, Jason C Yam, Winnie W Lau, Carol P Lam, Phillipa Sharwood, Sonia Moorthy, Quah Boon Long, Vera Adobea Essuman, Lorna A Renner, Ekaterina Semenova, Jaume Català-Mora, Maria Correa Llano, Elisa Carreras, American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force, Steffen Heegaard (Member of author group)

^*Corresponding author for this work

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

AIM: To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.

METHODS: Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06).

CONCLUSION: This international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.

Original language	English
Journal	The British journal of ophthalmology
Volume	107
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	127-132
Number of pages	6
ISSN	0007-1161
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892
Publication status	Published - Jan 2023

Keywords

neoplasia
pathology
retina
vitreous
Retinoblastoma/diagnosis
Neoplasm Seeding
Humans
Treatment Failure
Vitreous Body
Infant
Retrospective Studies
Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis

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10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

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Tomar, A. S., Finger, P. T., Gallie, B., Kivelä, T., Mallipatna, A., Zhang, C., Zhao, J., Wilson, M., Brennan, R., Burges, M., Kim, J., Berry, J. L., Jubran, R., Khetan, V., Ganeshan, S., Yarovoy, A., Yarovaya, V., Kotova, E., Volodin, D., ... Heegaard, S. (2023). Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging. The British journal of ophthalmology, 107(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

Tomar, AS, Finger, PT, Gallie, B, Kivelä, T, Mallipatna, A, Zhang, C, Zhao, J, Wilson, M, Brennan, R, Burges, M, Kim, J, Berry, JL, Jubran, R, Khetan, V, Ganeshan, S, Yarovoy, A, Yarovaya, V, Kotova, E, Volodin, D, Yousef, Y, Nummi, K, Ushakova, TL, Yugay, OV, Polyakov, VG, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Esparza-Aguiar, E, Chantada, GL, Schaiquevich, P, Fandiño, AC, Yam, JC, Lau, WW, Lam, CP, Sharwood, P, Moorthy, S, Long, QB, Essuman, VA, Renner, LA, Semenova, E, Català-Mora, J, Correa Llano, M, Carreras, E, American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force & Heegaard, S 2023, 'Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging', The British journal of ophthalmology, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

@article{a747c740b464480aa436f7888f1c2797,

title = "Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging",

abstract = "AIM: To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.METHODS: Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6\%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8\%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6\%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2\%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8\%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78\% and 49\% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06).CONCLUSION: This international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.",

keywords = "neoplasia, pathology, retina, vitreous, Retinoblastoma/diagnosis, Neoplasm Seeding, Humans, Treatment Failure, Vitreous Body, Infant, Retrospective Studies, Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis",

author = "Tomar, \{Ankit Singh\} and Finger, \{Paul T\} and Brenda Gallie and Tero Kivel{\"a} and Ashwin Mallipatna and Chengyue Zhang and Junyang Zhao and Matthew Wilson and Rachel Brennan and Michala Burges and Jonathan Kim and Berry, \{Jesse L\} and Rima Jubran and Vikas Khetan and Suganeswari Ganeshan and Andrey Yarovoy and Vera Yarovaya and Elena Kotova and Denis Volodin and Yacoub Yousef and Kalle Nummi and Ushakova, \{Tatiana L\} and Yugay, \{Olga V\} and Polyakov, \{Vladimir G\} and Ramirez-Ortiz, \{Marco Antonio\} and Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar and Chantada, \{Guillermo L\} and Paula Schaiquevich and Fandi{\~n}o, \{Adriana C\} and Yam, \{Jason C\} and Lau, \{Winnie W\} and Lam, \{Carol P\} and Phillipa Sharwood and Sonia Moorthy and Long, \{Quah Boon\} and Essuman, \{Vera Adobea\} and Renner, \{Lorna A\} and Ekaterina Semenova and Jaume Catal{\`a}-Mora and \{Correa Llano\}, Maria and Elisa Carreras and \{American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force\} and Steffen Heegaard",

note = "{\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892",

language = "English",

volume = "107",

pages = "127--132",

journal = "The British journal of ophthalmology",

issn = "0007-1161",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Retinoblastoma seeds

T2 - impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging

AU - Tomar, Ankit Singh

AU - Finger, Paul T

AU - Gallie, Brenda

AU - Kivelä, Tero

AU - Mallipatna, Ashwin

AU - Zhang, Chengyue

AU - Zhao, Junyang

AU - Wilson, Matthew

AU - Brennan, Rachel

AU - Burges, Michala

AU - Kim, Jonathan

AU - Berry, Jesse L

AU - Jubran, Rima

AU - Khetan, Vikas

AU - Ganeshan, Suganeswari

AU - Yarovoy, Andrey

AU - Yarovaya, Vera

AU - Kotova, Elena

AU - Volodin, Denis

AU - Yousef, Yacoub

AU - Nummi, Kalle

AU - Ushakova, Tatiana L

AU - Yugay, Olga V

AU - Polyakov, Vladimir G

AU - Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco Antonio

AU - Esparza-Aguiar, Elizabeth

AU - Chantada, Guillermo L

AU - Schaiquevich, Paula

AU - Fandiño, Adriana C

AU - Yam, Jason C

AU - Lau, Winnie W

AU - Lam, Carol P

AU - Sharwood, Phillipa

AU - Moorthy, Sonia

AU - Long, Quah Boon

AU - Essuman, Vera Adobea

AU - Renner, Lorna A

AU - Semenova, Ekaterina

AU - Català-Mora, Jaume

AU - Correa Llano, Maria

AU - Carreras, Elisa

AU - American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force

A2 - Heegaard, Steffen

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - AIM: To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.METHODS: Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06).CONCLUSION: This international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.

AB - AIM: To investigate whether the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical category cT2b needs to be subclassified by the type and distribution of retinoblastoma (RB) seeding.METHODS: Multicentre, international registry-based data were collected from RB centres enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. 1054 RB eyes with vitreous or subretinal seeds from 18 ophthalmic oncology centres, in 13 countries within six continents were analysed. Local treatment failure was defined as the use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Clinical category cT2b included 1054 eyes. Median age at presentation was 16.0 months. Of these, 428 (40.6%) eyes were salvaged, and 430 (40.8%) were treated with primary and 196 (18.6%) with secondary enucleation. Of the 592 eyes that had complete data for globe salvage analysis, the distribution of seeds was focal in 143 (24.2%) and diffuse in 449 (75.8%). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage (without EBRT) was 78% and 49% for eyes with focal and diffuse RB seeding, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher local treatment failure risk with diffuse seeds as compared with focal seeds (hazard rate: 2.8; p<0.001). There was insufficient evidence to prove or disprove an association between vitreous seed type and local treatment failure risk(p=0.06).CONCLUSION: This international, multicentre, registry-based analysis of RB eyes affirmed that eyes with diffuse intraocular distribution of RB seeds at diagnosis had a higher risk of local treatment failure when compared with focal seeds. Subclassification of AJCC RB category cT2b into focal vs diffuse seeds will improve prognostication for eye salvage.

KW - neoplasia

KW - pathology

KW - retina

KW - vitreous

KW - Retinoblastoma/diagnosis

KW - Neoplasm Seeding

KW - Humans

KW - Treatment Failure

KW - Vitreous Body

KW - Infant

KW - Retrospective Studies

KW - Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85113151218

U2 - 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

DO - 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34340974

SN - 0007-1161

VL - 107

SP - 127

EP - 132

JO - The British journal of ophthalmology

JF - The British journal of ophthalmology

IS - 1

ER -

Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging

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Keywords

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