Physical and Cognitive Exercise for Patients with Dementia

A major component of the treatment of patients with dementia is so-called non-pharmacological therapy and includes physical exercise and cognitive training and stimulation. Growing interest over the years has led to a widening evidence base with regard to these interventions. Physical activity which includes physical exercise is a prerequisite for a healthy life for anyone including patients with dementia. In addition, exercise may have additional benefit on cognitive functions and activities of daily living. The underlying mechanisms which may mediate the effects of exercise on brain function remain undetermined but is likely to include several mechanisms of action such as release of exerkines from muscle. Exercise is a flexible intervention and may be adapted to fit the cognitive abilities of patients with dementia in a safe manner. Cognitive stimulation and therapy are distinctive approaches which target cognitive function and is designed to improve cognition or slow its decline. Cognitive stimulation has been shown to be effective in improving cognition, whereas the evidence is less certain for cognitive training.