Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study

Charlotte Le Cornet; Béatrice Fervers; Eero Pukkala; Tore Tynes; Maria Feychting; Johnni Hansen; Kayo Togawa; Karl-Christian Nordby; Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton; Sanni Uuksulainen; Pernilla Wiebert; Torill Woldbæk; Niels E Skakkebæk; Ann Olsson; Joachim Schüz

doi:10.1289/EHP864

Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study

Charlotte Le Cornet, Béatrice Fervers, Eero Pukkala, Tore Tynes, Maria Feychting, Johnni Hansen, Kayo Togawa, Karl-Christian Nordby, Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton, Sanni Uuksulainen, Pernilla Wiebert, Torill Woldbæk, Niels E Skakkebæk, Ann Olsson, Joachim Schüz

Department of Growth and Reproduction

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) were suggested to have a prenatal environmentally related origin. The potential endocrine disrupting properties of certain solvents may interfere with the male genital development in utero.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between maternal and paternal occupational exposures to organic solvents during the prenatal period and TGCT risk in their offspring.

METHODS: This registry-based case control study included TGCT cases aged 14–49 y (n=8,112) diagnosed from 1978 to 2012 in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Controls (n=26,264) were randomly selected from the central population registries and were individually matched to cases on year and country of birth. Occupational histories of parents prior to the child’s birth were extracted from the national censuses. Job codes were converted into solvent exposure using the Nordic job-Nordic Occupational Cancer Study Job-Exposure Matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Overall, no association was found between prenatal maternal exposure to solvents and TGCT risk. In subset analyses using only mothers for whom occupational information was available in the year of or in the year prior to the child’s birth, there was an association with maternal exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (ARHC) (OR=1.53; CI: 1.08, 2.17), driven by exposure to toluene (OR=1.67; CI: 1.02, 2.73). No association was seen for any paternal occupational exposure to solvents with the exception of exposure to perchloroethylene in Finland (OR=2.42; CI: 1.32, 4.41).

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a modest increase in TGCT risk associated with maternal prenatal exposure to ARHC. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864.

Original language	English
Journal	Environmental Health Perspectives
Volume	125
Issue number	6
Pages (from-to)	067023
ISSN	0091-6765
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864
Publication status	Published - 30 Jun 2017

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Case-Control Studies
Female
Finland
Humans
Male
Maternal Exposure
Middle Aged
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Norway
Occupational Exposure
Odds Ratio
Paternal Exposure
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Solvents
Sweden
Testicular Neoplasms
Young Adult
Journal Article

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10.1289/EHP864

Cite this

Le Cornet, C., Fervers, B., Pukkala, E., Tynes, T., Feychting, M., Hansen, J., Togawa, K., Nordby, K.-C., Oksbjerg Dalton, S., Uuksulainen, S., Wiebert, P., Woldbæk, T., Skakkebæk, N. E., Olsson, A., & Schüz, J. (2017). Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(6), 067023. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864

Le Cornet, C, Fervers, B, Pukkala, E, Tynes, T, Feychting, M, Hansen, J, Togawa, K, Nordby, K-C, Oksbjerg Dalton, S, Uuksulainen, S, Wiebert, P, Woldbæk, T, Skakkebæk, NE, Olsson, A & Schüz, J 2017, 'Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 125, no. 6, pp. 067023. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864

@article{722a9cf46a8849439c2d0d64d0773b75,

title = "Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) were suggested to have a prenatal environmentally related origin. The potential endocrine disrupting properties of certain solvents may interfere with the male genital development in utero.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between maternal and paternal occupational exposures to organic solvents during the prenatal period and TGCT risk in their offspring.METHODS: This registry-based case control study included TGCT cases aged 14–49 y (n=8,112) diagnosed from 1978 to 2012 in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Controls (n=26,264) were randomly selected from the central population registries and were individually matched to cases on year and country of birth. Occupational histories of parents prior to the child{\textquoteright}s birth were extracted from the national censuses. Job codes were converted into solvent exposure using the Nordic job-Nordic Occupational Cancer Study Job-Exposure Matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: Overall, no association was found between prenatal maternal exposure to solvents and TGCT risk. In subset analyses using only mothers for whom occupational information was available in the year of or in the year prior to the child{\textquoteright}s birth, there was an association with maternal exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (ARHC) (OR=1.53; CI: 1.08, 2.17), driven by exposure to toluene (OR=1.67; CI: 1.02, 2.73). No association was seen for any paternal occupational exposure to solvents with the exception of exposure to perchloroethylene in Finland (OR=2.42; CI: 1.32, 4.41).CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a modest increase in TGCT risk associated with maternal prenatal exposure to ARHC. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Maternal Exposure, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Norway, Occupational Exposure, Odds Ratio, Paternal Exposure, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Solvents, Sweden, Testicular Neoplasms, Young Adult, Journal Article",

author = "{Le Cornet}, Charlotte and B{\'e}atrice Fervers and Eero Pukkala and Tore Tynes and Maria Feychting and Johnni Hansen and Kayo Togawa and Karl-Christian Nordby and {Oksbjerg Dalton}, Susanne and Sanni Uuksulainen and Pernilla Wiebert and Torill Woldb{\ae}k and Skakkeb{\ae}k, {Niels E} and Ann Olsson and Joachim Sch{\"u}z",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1289/EHP864",

language = "English",

volume = "125",

pages = "067023",

journal = "Environmental Health Perspectives",

issn = "0091-6765",

publisher = "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring

T2 - NORD-TEST Study

AU - Le Cornet, Charlotte

AU - Fervers, Béatrice

AU - Pukkala, Eero

AU - Tynes, Tore

AU - Feychting, Maria

AU - Hansen, Johnni

AU - Togawa, Kayo

AU - Nordby, Karl-Christian

AU - Oksbjerg Dalton, Susanne

AU - Uuksulainen, Sanni

AU - Wiebert, Pernilla

AU - Woldbæk, Torill

AU - Skakkebæk, Niels E

AU - Olsson, Ann

AU - Schüz, Joachim

PY - 2017/6/30

Y1 - 2017/6/30

N2 - BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) were suggested to have a prenatal environmentally related origin. The potential endocrine disrupting properties of certain solvents may interfere with the male genital development in utero.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between maternal and paternal occupational exposures to organic solvents during the prenatal period and TGCT risk in their offspring.METHODS: This registry-based case control study included TGCT cases aged 14–49 y (n=8,112) diagnosed from 1978 to 2012 in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Controls (n=26,264) were randomly selected from the central population registries and were individually matched to cases on year and country of birth. Occupational histories of parents prior to the child’s birth were extracted from the national censuses. Job codes were converted into solvent exposure using the Nordic job-Nordic Occupational Cancer Study Job-Exposure Matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: Overall, no association was found between prenatal maternal exposure to solvents and TGCT risk. In subset analyses using only mothers for whom occupational information was available in the year of or in the year prior to the child’s birth, there was an association with maternal exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (ARHC) (OR=1.53; CI: 1.08, 2.17), driven by exposure to toluene (OR=1.67; CI: 1.02, 2.73). No association was seen for any paternal occupational exposure to solvents with the exception of exposure to perchloroethylene in Finland (OR=2.42; CI: 1.32, 4.41).CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a modest increase in TGCT risk associated with maternal prenatal exposure to ARHC. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864.

AB - BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) were suggested to have a prenatal environmentally related origin. The potential endocrine disrupting properties of certain solvents may interfere with the male genital development in utero.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between maternal and paternal occupational exposures to organic solvents during the prenatal period and TGCT risk in their offspring.METHODS: This registry-based case control study included TGCT cases aged 14–49 y (n=8,112) diagnosed from 1978 to 2012 in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Controls (n=26,264) were randomly selected from the central population registries and were individually matched to cases on year and country of birth. Occupational histories of parents prior to the child’s birth were extracted from the national censuses. Job codes were converted into solvent exposure using the Nordic job-Nordic Occupational Cancer Study Job-Exposure Matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: Overall, no association was found between prenatal maternal exposure to solvents and TGCT risk. In subset analyses using only mothers for whom occupational information was available in the year of or in the year prior to the child’s birth, there was an association with maternal exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (ARHC) (OR=1.53; CI: 1.08, 2.17), driven by exposure to toluene (OR=1.67; CI: 1.02, 2.73). No association was seen for any paternal occupational exposure to solvents with the exception of exposure to perchloroethylene in Finland (OR=2.42; CI: 1.32, 4.41).CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a modest increase in TGCT risk associated with maternal prenatal exposure to ARHC. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP864.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Female

KW - Finland

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Maternal Exposure

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

KW - Norway

KW - Occupational Exposure

KW - Odds Ratio

KW - Paternal Exposure

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

KW - Solvents

KW - Sweden

KW - Testicular Neoplasms

KW - Young Adult

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1289/EHP864

DO - 10.1289/EHP864

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28893722

SN - 0091-6765

VL - 125

SP - 067023

JO - Environmental Health Perspectives

JF - Environmental Health Perspectives

IS - 6

ER -

Parental Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in their Offspring: NORD-TEST Study

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