Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

M Thomas P Gilbert; Toomas Kivisild; Bjarne Grønnow; Pernille K Andersen; Ene Metspalu; Maere Reidla; Erika Tamm; Erik Axelsson; Anders Götherström; Paula F Campos; Morten Rasmussen; Mait Metspalu; Thomas F G Higham; Jean-Luc Schwenninger; Roger Nathan; Cees-Jan De Hoog; Anders Koch; Lone Nukaaraq Møller; Claus Andreasen; Morten Meldgaard; Richard Villems; Christian Bendixen; Eske Willerslev

doi:10.1126/science.1159750

Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

M Thomas P Gilbert, Toomas Kivisild, Bjarne Grønnow, Pernille K Andersen, Ene Metspalu, Maere Reidla, Erika Tamm, Erik Axelsson, Anders Götherström, Paula F Campos, Morten Rasmussen, Mait Metspalu, Thomas F G Higham, Jean-Luc Schwenninger, Roger Nathan, Cees-Jan De Hoog, Anders Koch, Lone Nukaaraq Møller, Claus Andreasen, Morten MeldgaardRichard Villems, Christian Bendixen, Eske Willerslev

170 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
Volume	320
Issue number	5884
Pages (from-to)	1787-9
Number of pages	3
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750
Publication status	Published - 27 Jun 2008
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Asian People/genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
Emigration and Immigration
Female
Genetics, Population
Genome, Mitochondrial
Greenland
Hair/chemistry
Haplotypes
History, Ancient
Humans
Indians, North American/genetics
Inuit/classification
Male
Molecular Sequence Data
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Sequence Analysis, DNA

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10.1126/science.1159750

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Gilbert, M. T. P., Kivisild, T., Grønnow, B., Andersen, P. K., Metspalu, E., Reidla, M., Tamm, E., Axelsson, E., Götherström, A., Campos, P. F., Rasmussen, M., Metspalu, M., Higham, T. F. G., Schwenninger, J.-L., Nathan, R., De Hoog, C.-J., Koch, A., Møller, L. N., Andreasen, C., ... Willerslev, E. (2008). Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland. Science, 320(5884), 1787-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750

Gilbert, MTP, Kivisild, T, Grønnow, B, Andersen, PK, Metspalu, E, Reidla, M, Tamm, E, Axelsson, E, Götherström, A, Campos, PF, Rasmussen, M, Metspalu, M, Higham, TFG, Schwenninger, J-L, Nathan, R, De Hoog, C-J, Koch, A, Møller, LN, Andreasen, C, Meldgaard, M, Villems, R, Bendixen, C & Willerslev, E 2008, 'Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland', Science, vol. 320, no. 5884, pp. 1787-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750

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title = "Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland",

abstract = "The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.",

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AU - Gilbert, M Thomas P

AU - Kivisild, Toomas

AU - Grønnow, Bjarne

AU - Andersen, Pernille K

AU - Metspalu, Ene

AU - Reidla, Maere

AU - Tamm, Erika

AU - Axelsson, Erik

AU - Götherström, Anders

AU - Campos, Paula F

AU - Rasmussen, Morten

AU - Metspalu, Mait

AU - Higham, Thomas F G

AU - Schwenninger, Jean-Luc

AU - Nathan, Roger

AU - De Hoog, Cees-Jan

AU - Koch, Anders

AU - Møller, Lone Nukaaraq

AU - Andreasen, Claus

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Villems, Richard

AU - Bendixen, Christian

AU - Willerslev, Eske

PY - 2008/6/27

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N2 - The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

AB - The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

KW - Asian People/genetics

KW - DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics

KW - Emigration and Immigration

KW - Female

KW - Genetics, Population

KW - Genome, Mitochondrial

KW - Greenland

KW - Hair/chemistry

KW - Haplotypes

KW - History, Ancient

KW - Humans

KW - Indians, North American/genetics

KW - Inuit/classification

KW - Male

KW - Molecular Sequence Data

KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA

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C2 - 18511654

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SP - 1787

EP - 1789

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5884

ER -

Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

Abstract

Keywords

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