Measures to reduce maintenance therapy with oral corticosteroid in adults with severe asthma

BACKGROUND: Maintenance therapy with oral corticosteroid (OCS) is used, although not based on evidence, for patients with severe asthma, but OCS is associated with serious adverse effects; therefore, management strategies aimed at steroid sparing are important.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the evidence for OCS-sparing strategies in adults with severe asthma.

METHODS: A systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

RESULTS: A total of 21 studies (which comprised 3060 subjects) were included. Of the nonbiologic oral steroidsparing strategies (n = 5), the following lowered the OCS dose: Internet-based tapering strategy (44% reduction in OCS dose), inhaled corticosteroids (mometasone furoate [mean daily OCS dose reduction of 39% and 31% in patients treated with 800 mcg/day and 1600 mcg/day, respectively] and ciclesonide [OCS dose reduction of 47% and 63% in patients treated with 640 mcg/day and 1.280 mcg/day, respectively]), and methotrexate (OCS dose reduction of 55%). Of the biologic oral steroidtapering strategies (16 studies) the following agents lowered the OCS dose: cyclosporin A (62% reduction in OCS dose), masitinib (78% reduction in OCS dose), mepolizumab (50%83% reduction in OCS dose), and omalizumab (30%64% of enrolled patients achieved a reduction in OCS dose, and one study reported a dose reduction of 45%).

CONCLUSIONS: In adults with severe asthma, several corticosteroid-sparing interventions were shown to be effective in reducing systemic steroid exposure, not least in studies of add-on biologic therapy. However, based on the available studies, ciclesonide, based on the low potential for systemic effect, especially seems to be a good candidate for reducing steroid exposure in these patients before possible initiation of biologic therapy.