TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes
T2 - a cross-sectional study from a Danish diabetes outpatient clinic
AU - Okdahl, Tina
AU - Wegeberg, Anne-Marie Langmach
AU - Pociot, Flemming
AU - Brock, Birgitte
AU - Størling, Joachim
AU - Brock, Christina
N1 - © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2022/12/14
Y1 - 2022/12/14
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To investigate low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and explore associations to clinical aspects as well as microvascular and macrovascular complications.DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis.SETTING: The outpatient diabetes clinic at the Department of Endocrinology at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.PARTICIPANTS: 100 participants with type 2 diabetes confirmed by a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥6.5% for a minimum of 1 year and 21 healthy controls.OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of 27 inflammation-related biomarkers measured by immunoassay. Associations with microvascular and macrovascular complications, body weight, glycaemic control, medication and sex were investigated in the diabetes cohort.RESULTS: Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and eotaxin were elevated in type 2 diabetes (p<0.05), while interleukin (IL)-7 was decreased (p<0.001). IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were increased with body weight (p<0.05), while eotaxin and TNF-α were increased with elevated HbA1c levels (p<0.04). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy was associated with lower levels of induced protein-10, MDC and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (p<0.02), while females had higher levels of MDC (p=0.027). Individuals with ≥3 diabetic complications had elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15 and CRP compared with those with ≤3 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, glycaemic regulation, therapeutical management, sex and complications. Our results underline the importance of addressing inflammatory issues in type 2 diabetes, as these may predispose for crippling comorbidities.
AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and explore associations to clinical aspects as well as microvascular and macrovascular complications.DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis.SETTING: The outpatient diabetes clinic at the Department of Endocrinology at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.PARTICIPANTS: 100 participants with type 2 diabetes confirmed by a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥6.5% for a minimum of 1 year and 21 healthy controls.OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of 27 inflammation-related biomarkers measured by immunoassay. Associations with microvascular and macrovascular complications, body weight, glycaemic control, medication and sex were investigated in the diabetes cohort.RESULTS: Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and eotaxin were elevated in type 2 diabetes (p<0.05), while interleukin (IL)-7 was decreased (p<0.001). IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were increased with body weight (p<0.05), while eotaxin and TNF-α were increased with elevated HbA1c levels (p<0.04). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy was associated with lower levels of induced protein-10, MDC and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (p<0.02), while females had higher levels of MDC (p=0.027). Individuals with ≥3 diabetic complications had elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15 and CRP compared with those with ≤3 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, glycaemic regulation, therapeutical management, sex and complications. Our results underline the importance of addressing inflammatory issues in type 2 diabetes, as these may predispose for crippling comorbidities.
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Glycated Hemoglobin
KW - Interleukin-15/therapeutic use
KW - Inflammation
KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Ambulatory Care Facilities
KW - Interleukin-12
KW - Body Weight
KW - Denmark/epidemiology
KW - C-Reactive Protein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144442919&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062188
DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062188
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36517105
SN - 2399-9772
VL - 12
SP - e062188
JO - BMJ Paediatrics Open
JF - BMJ Paediatrics Open
IS - 12
M1 - e062188
ER -