Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema

Clare Bailey; Clemens Lange; Marion Munk; Paolo Lanzetta; Hassiba Oubraham; Tobias Machewitz; Helmut Allmeier; Xin Zhang; Peter Morgan-Warren; Zoran Hasanbasic; Varun Chaudhary; SPECTRUM study investigators

doi:10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2

Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema

Clare Bailey^*, Clemens Lange, Marion Munk, Paolo Lanzetta, Hassiba Oubraham, Tobias Machewitz, Helmut Allmeier, Xin Zhang, Peter Morgan-Warren, Zoran Hasanbasic, Varun Chaudhary, SPECTRUM study investigators

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Ophthalmology

Original language	English
Journal	Eye (Basingstoke)
ISSN	0950-222X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 16 Jan 2026

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10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2Licence: CC BY

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Bailey, C., Lange, C., Munk, M., Lanzetta, P., Oubraham, H., Machewitz, T., Allmeier, H., Zhang, X., Morgan-Warren, P., Hasanbasic, Z., Chaudhary, V., & SPECTRUM study investigators (2026). Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Eye (Basingstoke). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2

Bailey, C, Lange, C, Munk, M, Lanzetta, P, Oubraham, H, Machewitz, T, Allmeier, H, Zhang, X, Morgan-Warren, P, Hasanbasic, Z, Chaudhary, V & SPECTRUM study investigators 2026, 'Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema', Eye (Basingstoke). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2

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title = "Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema",

author = "Clare Bailey and Clemens Lange and Marion Munk and Paolo Lanzetta and Hassiba Oubraham and Tobias Machewitz and Helmut Allmeier and Xin Zhang and Peter Morgan-Warren and Zoran Hasanbasic and Varun Chaudhary and Vasileios Konidaris and Saad Younis and Niro Narendran and Narendra Dhingra and Michael Grinton and Manju Chandran and Louise Downey and Ian Pearce and Hani Hasan and \{De Salvo\}, Gabriella and Emily Fletcher and Clare Bailey and Chandoshi Mukherjee and Archana Airody and Aires Lobo and Afsar Jafree and Aniruddha Agarawal and Amr Farid and Ammar Safar and Alaa Attawan and Moreno Menghini and Martin Zinkernagel and Martin Schmid and Marion Munk and Katja Hatz and Justus Garweg and G{\'a}bor Somfai and Daniel Barthelmes and Christophe Valmaggia and Chiara Eandi and Aude Ambresin and Yazg{\"u}l{\"u} Yumusak and Schroeder, \{Marion Silvia\} and Inger Westborg and Ingar Bergstrand and Raghib, \{Aseel Modher\} and Hamamdjieva, \{Vladimir Poposki\} and Blanco, \{Renzo Renato Portilla\} and Moreno, \{{\'O}scar Ruiz\} and Pascual, \{Nuria Olivier\} and Resa, \{Mar{\'i}a Victoria G{\'o}mez\} and Villace, \{Mar{\'i}a Concepci{\'o}n Rodr{\'i}guez\} and Barquet, \{Luis Arias\} and Ventura, \{Javier Zarranz\} and Vaca, \{Gustavo Fern{\'a}ndez Baca\} and Puyuelo, \{Francisco Javier Ascaso\} and L{\'o}pez, \{Francisco Antonio Cabrera\} and S{\'a}nchez, \{Estanislao Guti{\'e}rrez\} and Cruchaga, \{Erika V{\'a}zquez\} and Oliver, \{Elena Rigo\} and \{P{\'e}rez de Madrid\}, \{Daniel Aliseda\} and Laborra, \{Cristina Irigoyen\} and Al{\'o}s, \{B{\'a}rbara Del{\'a}s\} and L{\'a}zaro, \{Ana Isabel Oca\} and Hern{\'a}ndez, \{Amancia Mateos\} and Gallego, \{Alvaro Galv{\'a}n\} and Jo, \{Young Joon\} and Woo, \{Se Joon\} and Min Sagong and Park, \{Kyu Hyung\} and Iksoo Byon and Cho, \{Han Joo\} and Ham, \{Don Il\} and Hwang, \{Daniel Duck Jin\} and \{SeungKyu Lee\}, Christopher and Marwan Abouammoh and Maher Almalis and Hussein Elgendy and Hassan Al-Dhibi and Ahmed Ibrahim and Maria Picoto and Jos{\'e} Roque and Marques, \{Jo{\~a}o Pedro\} and Jo{\~a}o Nascimento and Diogo Cabral and Neves, \{Carlos Marques\} and Ant{\'o}nio Campos and Tayyab Ahmad and Marius Dalby and \{de Jong-Hesse\}, Yvonne and Yara Lechanteur and Sankha Amarakoon and Marianne Smeets and \{Van Lith-Verhoeven\}, Janneke and Hans Vingerling and Angela Huiskamp and Yuji Kato and Yamazaki Kenichiro and Yamane Ken and Umeda Naoyasu and Takasu Ippei and Takagi Mariko and Sugita Iichiro and Sentaro Kusuhara and Sato Hiroaki and Okado Satoshi and Nishimura Tomohisa and Nakamura Yosuke and Mori Toshio and Miyahara Shinsuke and Miyagi Hidetaka and Mishima Soichiro and Masahiko Sugimoto and Kuribara Isao and Kondo Nagako and Kishino Genichiro and Kimura Yugo and Kimura Hideya and Kawano Kenichi and Kaneda Masahiro and Kaga Tatsushi and Ichikawa Reiko and Handa Sou and Hagiwara Akira and Fujiwara Shintaro and Fujimura Shigeto and Chikako Hara and Aoyagi Koji and Raffaella Rosa and Paolo Lanzetta and Niccol{\`o} Castellino and Maria Vadal{\`a} and Marco Lupidi and Luca Ventre and Leonardo Mastropasqua and Giovanni Staurenghi and Francesco Viola and Bandello, \{Francesco Maria\} and Flavia Chiosi and Federico Ricci and Enrico Borrelli and Daniele Tognetto and Alfonso Savastano and Walter Sekundo and Vinodh Kakkassery and Vassiliki Romanou-Papadopoulou and Ulrich Thelen and Tobias Peters and Tobias Duncker and Krohne, \{Tim U.\} and Svenja Deuchler and Stefan Schrader and Simo Murovski and Sabine Baumgarten and Roxana Fulga and Ralf Schmitt and Philipp M{\"u}ller and Oliver Zeitz and Nikolaus Feucht and Gamulescu, \{Maria Andre{\'e}a\} and Marc Schargus and Katrin Lorenz and Kai Januschowski and Joachim Wachtlin and Ines Lanzl and H{\"u}sn{\"u} Berk and Fabian H{\"o}hn and Erik Beeke and Mihaescu, \{Costin Ilie\} and Clemens Lange and Christoph Arnholdt and Brinkmann, \{Christian Karl\} and \{Ben Mehrinfar\}, Mehrinfar and Astrid Sader-Moritz and Andreas Stahl and Andreas Berlin and Alexander Daudrich and Xavier Benouaich and Vincent Gualino and \{Chau Tran\}, \{Thi Ha\} and St{\'e}phanie Baillif and Salomon Cohen and Gabrielle, \{Pierre Henry\} and Philippe Schauer and Olivia Zambrowski and M{\'e}lanie Tessier and Mathilde Gallice and Mathieu Lehmann and Delyfer, \{Marie Noelle\} and Laurent Velasque and Laurent Kodjikian and Laurent Berthon and Jo{\"e}l Uzzan and Isabelle Aubry-Quenet and Hessam Razavi and Hassiba Oubraham-Mebroukine and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Matonti and Michael Larsen and Frank Becquet and \{SPECTRUM study investigators\}",

year = "2026",

month = jan,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2",

language = "English",

journal = "Eye (Basingstoke)",

issn = "0950-222X",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

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AU - Bailey, Clare

AU - Lange, Clemens

AU - Munk, Marion

AU - Lanzetta, Paolo

AU - Oubraham, Hassiba

AU - Machewitz, Tobias

AU - Allmeier, Helmut

AU - Zhang, Xin

AU - Morgan-Warren, Peter

AU - Hasanbasic, Zoran

AU - Chaudhary, Varun

AU - Konidaris, Vasileios

AU - Younis, Saad

AU - Narendran, Niro

AU - Dhingra, Narendra

AU - Grinton, Michael

AU - Chandran, Manju

AU - Downey, Louise

AU - Pearce, Ian

AU - Hasan, Hani

AU - De Salvo, Gabriella

AU - Fletcher, Emily

AU - Bailey, Clare

AU - Mukherjee, Chandoshi

AU - Airody, Archana

AU - Lobo, Aires

AU - Jafree, Afsar

AU - Agarawal, Aniruddha

AU - Farid, Amr

AU - Safar, Ammar

AU - Attawan, Alaa

AU - Menghini, Moreno

AU - Zinkernagel, Martin

AU - Schmid, Martin

AU - Munk, Marion

AU - Hatz, Katja

AU - Garweg, Justus

AU - Somfai, Gábor

AU - Barthelmes, Daniel

AU - Valmaggia, Christophe

AU - Eandi, Chiara

AU - Ambresin, Aude

AU - Yumusak, Yazgülü

AU - Schroeder, Marion Silvia

AU - Westborg, Inger

AU - Bergstrand, Ingar

AU - Raghib, Aseel Modher

AU - Hamamdjieva, Vladimir Poposki

AU - Blanco, Renzo Renato Portilla

AU - Moreno, Óscar Ruiz

AU - Pascual, Nuria Olivier

AU - Resa, María Victoria Gómez

AU - Villace, María Concepción Rodríguez

AU - Barquet, Luis Arias

AU - Ventura, Javier Zarranz

AU - Vaca, Gustavo Fernández Baca

AU - Puyuelo, Francisco Javier Ascaso

AU - López, Francisco Antonio Cabrera

AU - Sánchez, Estanislao Gutiérrez

AU - Cruchaga, Erika Vázquez

AU - Oliver, Elena Rigo

AU - Pérez de Madrid, Daniel Aliseda

AU - Laborra, Cristina Irigoyen

AU - Alós, Bárbara Delás

AU - Lázaro, Ana Isabel Oca

AU - Hernández, Amancia Mateos

AU - Gallego, Alvaro Galván

AU - Jo, Young Joon

AU - Woo, Se Joon

AU - Sagong, Min

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AU - Byon, Iksoo

AU - Cho, Han Joo

AU - Ham, Don Il

AU - Hwang, Daniel Duck Jin

AU - SeungKyu Lee, Christopher

AU - Abouammoh, Marwan

AU - Almalis, Maher

AU - Elgendy, Hussein

AU - Al-Dhibi, Hassan

AU - Ibrahim, Ahmed

AU - Picoto, Maria

AU - Roque, José

AU - Marques, João Pedro

AU - Nascimento, João

AU - Cabral, Diogo

AU - Neves, Carlos Marques

AU - Campos, António

AU - Ahmad, Tayyab

AU - Dalby, Marius

AU - de Jong-Hesse, Yvonne

AU - Lechanteur, Yara

AU - Amarakoon, Sankha

AU - Smeets, Marianne

AU - Van Lith-Verhoeven, Janneke

AU - Vingerling, Hans

AU - Huiskamp, Angela

AU - Kato, Yuji

AU - Kenichiro, Yamazaki

AU - Ken, Yamane

AU - Naoyasu, Umeda

AU - Ippei, Takasu

AU - Mariko, Takagi

AU - Iichiro, Sugita

AU - Kusuhara, Sentaro

AU - Hiroaki, Sato

AU - Satoshi, Okado

AU - Tomohisa, Nishimura

AU - Yosuke, Nakamura

AU - Toshio, Mori

AU - Shinsuke, Miyahara

AU - Hidetaka, Miyagi

AU - Soichiro, Mishima

AU - Sugimoto, Masahiko

AU - Isao, Kuribara

AU - Nagako, Kondo

AU - Genichiro, Kishino

AU - Yugo, Kimura

AU - Hideya, Kimura

AU - Kenichi, Kawano

AU - Masahiro, Kaneda

AU - Tatsushi, Kaga

AU - Reiko, Ichikawa

AU - Sou, Handa

AU - Akira, Hagiwara

AU - Shintaro, Fujiwara

AU - Shigeto, Fujimura

AU - Hara, Chikako

AU - Koji, Aoyagi

AU - Rosa, Raffaella

AU - Lanzetta, Paolo

AU - Castellino, Niccolò

AU - Vadalà, Maria

AU - Lupidi, Marco

AU - Ventre, Luca

AU - Mastropasqua, Leonardo

AU - Staurenghi, Giovanni

AU - Viola, Francesco

AU - Bandello, Francesco Maria

AU - Chiosi, Flavia

AU - Ricci, Federico

AU - Borrelli, Enrico

AU - Tognetto, Daniele

AU - Savastano, Alfonso

AU - Sekundo, Walter

AU - Kakkassery, Vinodh

AU - Romanou-Papadopoulou, Vassiliki

AU - Thelen, Ulrich

AU - Peters, Tobias

AU - Duncker, Tobias

AU - Krohne, Tim U.

AU - Deuchler, Svenja

AU - Schrader, Stefan

AU - Murovski, Simo

AU - Baumgarten, Sabine

AU - Fulga, Roxana

AU - Schmitt, Ralf

AU - Müller, Philipp

AU - Zeitz, Oliver

AU - Feucht, Nikolaus

AU - Gamulescu, Maria Andreéa

AU - Schargus, Marc

AU - Lorenz, Katrin

AU - Januschowski, Kai

AU - Wachtlin, Joachim

AU - Lanzl, Ines

AU - Berk, Hüsnü

AU - Höhn, Fabian

AU - Beeke, Erik

AU - Mihaescu, Costin Ilie

AU - Lange, Clemens

AU - Arnholdt, Christoph

AU - Brinkmann, Christian Karl

AU - Ben Mehrinfar, Mehrinfar

AU - Sader-Moritz, Astrid

AU - Stahl, Andreas

AU - Berlin, Andreas

AU - Daudrich, Alexander

AU - Benouaich, Xavier

AU - Gualino, Vincent

AU - Chau Tran, Thi Ha

AU - Baillif, Stéphanie

AU - Cohen, Salomon

AU - Gabrielle, Pierre Henry

AU - Schauer, Philippe

AU - Zambrowski, Olivia

AU - Tessier, Mélanie

AU - Gallice, Mathilde

AU - Lehmann, Mathieu

AU - Delyfer, Marie Noelle

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AU - Kodjikian, Laurent

AU - Berthon, Laurent

AU - Uzzan, Joël

AU - Aubry-Quenet, Isabelle

AU - Razavi, Hessam

AU - Oubraham-Mebroukine, Hassiba

AU - Matonti, Frédéric

AU - Becquet, Frank

AU - SPECTRUM study investigators

A2 - Larsen, Michael

PY - 2026/1/16

Y1 - 2026/1/16

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027812116

U2 - 10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2

DO - 10.1038/s41433-025-04140-2

M3 - Comment/debate

C2 - 41545711

AN - SCOPUS:105027812116

SN - 0950-222X

JO - Eye (Basingstoke)

JF - Eye (Basingstoke)

ER -

Infographic: SPECTRUM: study design of the global real-world study of aflibercept 8 mg in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema

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