TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic predisposition in the 2′-5′A pathway in the development of type 1 diabetes
T2 - potential contribution to dysregulation of innate antiviral immunity
AU - Pedersen, Kristina
AU - Haupt-Jorgensen, Martin
AU - Krogvold, Lars
AU - Kaur, Simranjeet
AU - Gerling, Ivan C.
AU - Pociot, Flemming
AU - Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut
AU - Buschard, Karsten
N1 - Funding Information:
The DiViD study was funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and through the PEVNET (Persistent Virus Infection in Diabetes Network) Study Group funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 261441 PEVNET. Additional grant support was from the National Institutes of Health (UC4 DK104155) and the JDRF (47-2013-520). nPOD, a collaborative type 1 diabetes research project, is sponsored by the JDRF (grant no. 25-2013-268, 25-2012-380 and 25-2007-874). Lastly, the study was supported by Bagger-Sørensen Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing more rapidly than can be explained by genetic drift. Viruses may play an important role in the disease, as they seem to activate the 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate (2'-5'A) pathway of the innate antiviral immune system. Our aim was to investigate this possibility.METHODS: Innate antiviral immune pathways were searched for type 1 diabetes-associated polymorphisms using genome-wide association study data. SNPs within ±250kb flanking regions of the transcription start site of 64 genes were examined. These pathways were also investigated for type 1 diabetes-associated RNA expression profiles using laser-dissected islets from two to five tissue sections per donor from the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study and the network of Pancreatic Organ Donors (nPOD).RESULTS: We found 27 novel SNPs in genes nominally associated with type 1 diabetes. Three of those SNPs were located upstream of the 2'-5'A pathway, namely SNP rs4767000 (p = 1.03 × 10
-9, OR 1.123), rs1034687 (p = 2.16 × 10
-7, OR 0.869) and rs739744 (p = 1.03 × 10
-9, OR 1.123). We also identified a large group of dysregulated islet genes in relation to type 1 diabetes, of which two were novel. The most aberrant genes were a group of IFN-stimulated genes. Of those, the following distinct pathways were targeted by the dysregulation (compared with the non-diabetic control group): OAS1 increased by 111% (p < 1.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.43, -0.15); MX1 increased by 142% (p < 1.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.52, -0.22); and ISG15 increased by 197% (p = 2.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.68, -0.18).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We identified a genetic predisposition in the 2'-5'A pathway that potentially contributes to dysregulation of the innate antiviral immune system in type 1 diabetes. This study describes a potential role for the 2'-5'A pathway and other components of the innate antiviral immune system in beta cell autoimmunity.
AB - AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing more rapidly than can be explained by genetic drift. Viruses may play an important role in the disease, as they seem to activate the 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate (2'-5'A) pathway of the innate antiviral immune system. Our aim was to investigate this possibility.METHODS: Innate antiviral immune pathways were searched for type 1 diabetes-associated polymorphisms using genome-wide association study data. SNPs within ±250kb flanking regions of the transcription start site of 64 genes were examined. These pathways were also investigated for type 1 diabetes-associated RNA expression profiles using laser-dissected islets from two to five tissue sections per donor from the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study and the network of Pancreatic Organ Donors (nPOD).RESULTS: We found 27 novel SNPs in genes nominally associated with type 1 diabetes. Three of those SNPs were located upstream of the 2'-5'A pathway, namely SNP rs4767000 (p = 1.03 × 10
-9, OR 1.123), rs1034687 (p = 2.16 × 10
-7, OR 0.869) and rs739744 (p = 1.03 × 10
-9, OR 1.123). We also identified a large group of dysregulated islet genes in relation to type 1 diabetes, of which two were novel. The most aberrant genes were a group of IFN-stimulated genes. Of those, the following distinct pathways were targeted by the dysregulation (compared with the non-diabetic control group): OAS1 increased by 111% (p < 1.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.43, -0.15); MX1 increased by 142% (p < 1.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.52, -0.22); and ISG15 increased by 197% (p = 2.00 × 10
-4, 95% CI -0.68, -0.18).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We identified a genetic predisposition in the 2'-5'A pathway that potentially contributes to dysregulation of the innate antiviral immune system in type 1 diabetes. This study describes a potential role for the 2'-5'A pathway and other components of the innate antiviral immune system in beta cell autoimmunity.
KW - 2′-5′ Oligoadenylate synthetase
KW - 2′-5′A pathway
KW - Interferon α
KW - Ribonuclease L
KW - RNase L
KW - Toll-like receptor 7
KW - Type 1 diabetes
KW - Type 1 interferon
KW - Type 2 diabetes
KW - Virus
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85105573519
U2 - 10.1007/s00125-021-05469-5
DO - 10.1007/s00125-021-05469-5
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33973017
AN - SCOPUS:85105573519
SN - 0012-186X
VL - 64
SP - 1805
EP - 1815
JO - Diabetologia
JF - Diabetologia
IS - 8
ER -