Gender and intersectionality in sports: experiences of adolescent girls from low socioeconomic status backgrounds

Gender disparities in sports remain a persistent challenge in Denmark as well as globally. Girls from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds are less likely to engage in organised sports compared to their higher socioeconomic status peers. To address this inequality, girls’ voices need to be heard. This study explored how gender in sports is negotiated among girls from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Eleven focus groups were conducted with 44 girls, not participating in organised sports, aged 9-16, from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Using thematic analysis, three key themes were identified: 1) Masculinity versus femininity, 2) The constructed female body, and 3) Performing gendered expectations. Drawing on gender theory and an intersectional approach, the first theme reveals how stereotypes reinforce dominant gender norms. The second theme highlights how societal ideals contribute to body insecurity, limiting girls’ sports participation. The third theme emphasises how societal norms shape girls’ perceptions of sports and negotiation of gendered roles. These insights reveal how gender intersects with other identities, shaping girls’ experiences and decisions in sporting contexts. They emphasise the need to raise awareness about fostering inclusive sports environments and provide guidance for policymakers and stakeholders to design programmes that encourage participation among this group of girls.