Extracorporeal support of the respiratory system

Brooke Riley; Julia Coull; Søren Aalbæk Madsen

doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.05.011

Extracorporeal support of the respiratory system

Brooke Riley, Julia Coull, Søren Aalbæk Madsen

Department of Thoracic Anaesthesiology

Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of the respiratory system has undergone significant evolution over the past decade. Historically used as rescue therapy, the treatment is now being utilized earlier in the disease course, and its indications for use expanded. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has further increased the experience of ECMO centres and expanded the body of evidence. This article will review the physiology of veno-venous (VV) ECMO, control of oxygenation and carbon dioxide, principal equipment, patient selection and timing, complications and weaning from VV ECMO.

Original language	English
Journal	Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine
Volume	26
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	523-527
Number of pages	5
ISSN	1472-0299
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.05.011
Publication status	Published - Aug 2025

Keywords

Acute respiratory distress syndrome
COVID-19
extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation
haemorrhage
lung transplant
membrane
oxygenators
respiratory failure
thrombosis

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10.1016/j.mpaic.2025.05.011

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title = "Extracorporeal support of the respiratory system",

abstract = "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of the respiratory system has undergone significant evolution over the past decade. Historically used as rescue therapy, the treatment is now being utilized earlier in the disease course, and its indications for use expanded. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has further increased the experience of ECMO centres and expanded the body of evidence. This article will review the physiology of veno-venous (VV) ECMO, control of oxygenation and carbon dioxide, principal equipment, patient selection and timing, complications and weaning from VV ECMO.",

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N2 - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of the respiratory system has undergone significant evolution over the past decade. Historically used as rescue therapy, the treatment is now being utilized earlier in the disease course, and its indications for use expanded. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has further increased the experience of ECMO centres and expanded the body of evidence. This article will review the physiology of veno-venous (VV) ECMO, control of oxygenation and carbon dioxide, principal equipment, patient selection and timing, complications and weaning from VV ECMO.

AB - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of the respiratory system has undergone significant evolution over the past decade. Historically used as rescue therapy, the treatment is now being utilized earlier in the disease course, and its indications for use expanded. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has further increased the experience of ECMO centres and expanded the body of evidence. This article will review the physiology of veno-venous (VV) ECMO, control of oxygenation and carbon dioxide, principal equipment, patient selection and timing, complications and weaning from VV ECMO.

KW - Acute respiratory distress syndrome

KW - COVID-19

KW - extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation

KW - haemorrhage

KW - lung transplant

KW - membrane

KW - oxygenators

KW - respiratory failure

KW - thrombosis

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SP - 523

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JO - Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine

JF - Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine

IS - 8

ER -

Extracorporeal support of the respiratory system

Abstract

Keywords

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