Exenatide and liraglutide: different approaches to develop GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics)--preclinical and clinical results

123 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The GLP-1 analogues exenatide and liraglutide stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon output in a glucose-dependent manner, slow gastric emptying and decrease appetite. The injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide significantly improves glycaemic control, with average reductions in HbA1c of about 1.0% point, fasting plasma glucose of about 1.4 mmol l(-1), and causes a weight loss of approximately 2-3 kg after 30 weeks of treatment. The adverse effects are transient nausea and vomiting. The long-acting once-daily human GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide reduces HbA1c by about 1.0-2.0% point, weight by 1-3 kg and seems to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects than exenatide. The final place of the GLP-1 receptor agonists in the diabetes treatment algorithm will be clarified when we have long-term trials with cardiovascular end-points and data illustrating the effects on the progression of type 2 diabetes.
Original languageEnglish
JournalBest practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism
Volume23
Issue number4
Pages (from-to)463-77
Number of pages14
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2009

Keywords

  • Anti-Obesity Agents
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
  • Humans
  • Peptides
  • Receptors, Glucagon
  • Venoms

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