Duodenal surveillance improves the prognosis after duodenal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis

Background and aim:  Duodenal adenomatosis in FAP results in a cancer risk that increases with age. Endoscopic surveillance has been recommended, but the effect has not yet been documented. The aim of this study is to present results of long-term duodenal surveillance and to evaluate the risk of cancer development. Method:  Follow-up of patients in a previous study with gastroduodenoscopy in 1990-2010. Statistical analysis included chi(2) test, actuarial method and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results:  Among 304 patients, 261 (86%) had more than one endoscopy. The median follow-up was 14 years (interquartile range 9-17). The cumulative lifetime risk of duodenal adenomatosis was 88% (95% CI 84-93), and of Spigelman stage IV 35% (95% CI 25-45). The Spigelman stage improved in 32 (12%), remained unchanged in 88 (34%) and worsened in 116 (44%). Twenty patients (7%) had duodenal cancer at a median age of 56 years (range 44-82). The cumulative cancer incidence was 18% at age 75 (95% CI 8-28) and increased with increasing Spigelman stage at the index endoscopy to 33% in stage IV (p