Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Kári Rubek Nielsen; Frederikke Agerbo Modin; Jóngerð Midjord; Amanda Vang; Marjun Á Fríðriksmørk Berbisá; Herborg Líggjasardóttir Johannesen; Jens Frederik Dahlerup; Vibeke Andersen; Anders Neumann; Jens Kjeldsen; Natalia Pedersen; Ebbe Langholz; Pia Munkholm; Turid Hammer; Johan Burisch

doi:10.1007/s10620-024-08721-1

Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Kári Rubek Nielsen, Frederikke Agerbo Modin, Jóngerð Midjord, Amanda Vang, Marjun Á Fríðriksmørk Berbisá, Herborg Líggjasardóttir Johannesen, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Vibeke Andersen, Anders Neumann, Jens Kjeldsen, Natalia Pedersen, Ebbe Langholz, Pia Munkholm, Turid Hammer, Johan Burisch

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Faroe Islands have increased drastically during the past 60 years, presumably due to changing environmental risk factors in a genetically susceptible population.

AIM: This study investigated differing environmental factors present in Faroese and Danish patients.

METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, all incident Faroese patients with IBD were invited to complete the International Organization of IBD (IOIBD) questionnaire about environmental factors at the time of their diagnosis. The findings were compared to a cohort of incident Danish patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2011.

RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 293 of 388 Faroese patients (75%), of whom 15% (n = 45) had Crohn's disease (CD), 63% (n = 185) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 22% (n = 63) had IBD unclassified (IBDU). Faroese patients with IBD and UC were found to have higher pertussis vaccination coverage (p < 0.05), and more childhood infections of measles and pertussis (p < 0.05). Faroese patients with IBD consumed more fast food and less fiber but consumed less sugar (p < 0.001) and more caffeine (p < 0.001). No differences were found regarding gender, having been breastfed, use of oral contraceptives, or the number of first-degree relatives with IBD; however, differences in smoking at diagnosis were found in a subset analysis of Faroese patients diagnosed in 2010-11 compared with Danish patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Faroese patients with IBD were more exposed to some environmental risk factors prior to diagnosis than Danish patients. However, certain beneficial dietary habits were more common in Faroese patients than in Danish patients.

Original language	English
Journal	Digestive Diseases and Sciences
Volume	69
Issue number	12
Pages (from-to)	4446-4457
Number of pages	12
ISSN	0002-9211
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-024-08721-1
Publication status	Published - Dec 2024

Keywords

Crohn’s disease
Environmental factors
Faroe Islands
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis
Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
Crohn Disease/epidemiology
Prevalence
Humans
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
Male
Incidence
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology
Young Adult
Denmark/epidemiology
Adult
Female
Surveys and Questionnaires
Aged

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Nielsen, K. R., Modin, F. A., Midjord, J., Vang, A., Berbisá, M. Á. F., Johannesen, H. L., Dahlerup, J. F., Andersen, V., Neumann, A., Kjeldsen, J., Pedersen, N., Langholz, E., Munkholm, P., Hammer, T., & Burisch, J. (2024). Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 69(12), 4446-4457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-024-08721-1

Nielsen, KR, Modin, FA, Midjord, J, Vang, A, Berbisá, MÁF, Johannesen, HL, Dahlerup, JF, Andersen, V, Neumann, A, Kjeldsen, J, Pedersen, N, Langholz, E , Munkholm, P, Hammer, T & Burisch, J 2024, 'Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease', Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 4446-4457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-024-08721-1

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abstract = "BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Faroe Islands have increased drastically during the past 60 years, presumably due to changing environmental risk factors in a genetically susceptible population.AIM: This study investigated differing environmental factors present in Faroese and Danish patients.METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, all incident Faroese patients with IBD were invited to complete the International Organization of IBD (IOIBD) questionnaire about environmental factors at the time of their diagnosis. The findings were compared to a cohort of incident Danish patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2011.RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 293 of 388 Faroese patients (75%), of whom 15% (n = 45) had Crohn's disease (CD), 63% (n = 185) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 22% (n = 63) had IBD unclassified (IBDU). Faroese patients with IBD and UC were found to have higher pertussis vaccination coverage (p < 0.05), and more childhood infections of measles and pertussis (p < 0.05). Faroese patients with IBD consumed more fast food and less fiber but consumed less sugar (p < 0.001) and more caffeine (p < 0.001). No differences were found regarding gender, having been breastfed, use of oral contraceptives, or the number of first-degree relatives with IBD; however, differences in smoking at diagnosis were found in a subset analysis of Faroese patients diagnosed in 2010-11 compared with Danish patients.CONCLUSIONS: Faroese patients with IBD were more exposed to some environmental risk factors prior to diagnosis than Danish patients. However, certain beneficial dietary habits were more common in Faroese patients than in Danish patients.",

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doi = "10.1007/s10620-024-08721-1",

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T1 - Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

AU - Nielsen, Kári Rubek

AU - Modin, Frederikke Agerbo

AU - Midjord, Jóngerð

AU - Vang, Amanda

AU - Berbisá, Marjun Á Fríðriksmørk

AU - Johannesen, Herborg Líggjasardóttir

AU - Dahlerup, Jens Frederik

AU - Andersen, Vibeke

AU - Neumann, Anders

AU - Kjeldsen, Jens

AU - Pedersen, Natalia

AU - Langholz, Ebbe

AU - Munkholm, Pia

AU - Hammer, Turid

AU - Burisch, Johan

PY - 2024/12

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N2 - BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Faroe Islands have increased drastically during the past 60 years, presumably due to changing environmental risk factors in a genetically susceptible population.AIM: This study investigated differing environmental factors present in Faroese and Danish patients.METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, all incident Faroese patients with IBD were invited to complete the International Organization of IBD (IOIBD) questionnaire about environmental factors at the time of their diagnosis. The findings were compared to a cohort of incident Danish patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2011.RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 293 of 388 Faroese patients (75%), of whom 15% (n = 45) had Crohn's disease (CD), 63% (n = 185) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 22% (n = 63) had IBD unclassified (IBDU). Faroese patients with IBD and UC were found to have higher pertussis vaccination coverage (p < 0.05), and more childhood infections of measles and pertussis (p < 0.05). Faroese patients with IBD consumed more fast food and less fiber but consumed less sugar (p < 0.001) and more caffeine (p < 0.001). No differences were found regarding gender, having been breastfed, use of oral contraceptives, or the number of first-degree relatives with IBD; however, differences in smoking at diagnosis were found in a subset analysis of Faroese patients diagnosed in 2010-11 compared with Danish patients.CONCLUSIONS: Faroese patients with IBD were more exposed to some environmental risk factors prior to diagnosis than Danish patients. However, certain beneficial dietary habits were more common in Faroese patients than in Danish patients.

AB - BACKGROUND: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Faroe Islands have increased drastically during the past 60 years, presumably due to changing environmental risk factors in a genetically susceptible population.AIM: This study investigated differing environmental factors present in Faroese and Danish patients.METHODS: From 2010 to 2022, all incident Faroese patients with IBD were invited to complete the International Organization of IBD (IOIBD) questionnaire about environmental factors at the time of their diagnosis. The findings were compared to a cohort of incident Danish patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2011.RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 293 of 388 Faroese patients (75%), of whom 15% (n = 45) had Crohn's disease (CD), 63% (n = 185) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 22% (n = 63) had IBD unclassified (IBDU). Faroese patients with IBD and UC were found to have higher pertussis vaccination coverage (p < 0.05), and more childhood infections of measles and pertussis (p < 0.05). Faroese patients with IBD consumed more fast food and less fiber but consumed less sugar (p < 0.001) and more caffeine (p < 0.001). No differences were found regarding gender, having been breastfed, use of oral contraceptives, or the number of first-degree relatives with IBD; however, differences in smoking at diagnosis were found in a subset analysis of Faroese patients diagnosed in 2010-11 compared with Danish patients.CONCLUSIONS: Faroese patients with IBD were more exposed to some environmental risk factors prior to diagnosis than Danish patients. However, certain beneficial dietary habits were more common in Faroese patients than in Danish patients.

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KW - Humans

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Male

KW - Incidence

KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology

KW - Young Adult

KW - Denmark/epidemiology

KW - Adult

KW - Female

KW - Surveys and Questionnaires

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JO - Digestive Diseases and Sciences

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Comparing Environmental Risk Factors at Diagnosis in Faroese and Danish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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