Changes in Serum Metabolome Following Low-Energy Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women with Overweight and Prediabetes: A PREVIEW-New Zealand Sub-Study

Bárbara Relva, Linda M Samuelsson, Iola F Duarte, Ulrike Fasol, Patrick J B Edwards, Mikael Fogelholm, Anne Raben, Sally D Poppitt, Marta P Silvestre

Abstract

As obesity develops, metabolic changes increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight loss is crucial for improving health in T2D and cardiometabolic conditions. However, weight loss rates vary between individuals, even with identical diets or energy restrictions, highlighting the need to identify markers or predictors of weight loss success to enhance intervention outcomes. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics, we investigated the change in serum polar metabolites in 28 women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes who completed an 8-week low-energy diet (LED) as part of the PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) clinical trial. We aimed to characterize the metabolic shift in substrate oxidation under fixed energy intake (~4 MJ/day) and its relation to weight loss success. Nine of the thirty-four serum metabolites identified significantly changed during the LED phase: 3-hydroxybutyrate, O-acetylcarnitine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, mannose, dimethyl sulfone and isobutyrate increased, whilst choline, creatine and tyrosine decreased. These results confirmed a shift towards lipid oxidation, but no metabolites predicted the response to the LED-induced weight loss. Further studies in larger populations are required to validate these metabolites as biomarkers of diet exposure.

Original languageEnglish
Article number401
JournalMetabolites
Volume14
Issue number8
ISSN2218-1989
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 24 Jul 2024

Keywords

  • NMR spectroscopy
  • low-energy diet
  • metabolomics
  • obesity
  • polar metabolites
  • prediabetes
  • weight loss

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