Body water distribution and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a healthy population: a prospective cohort study

Nikoline Nygård Knudsen, Thora Majlund Kjærulff, Leigh Cordwin Ward, Ditte Sæbye, Claus Holst, Berit Lilienthal Heitmann

    19 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: Early alterations in the cardiovascular structure and function may change normal body water distribution. The resulting fluid shifts may thus serve as an early marker for cardiovascular disease. However, studies examining this in healthy populations are absent.

    OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between the proportion of total body water that is extracellular water and subsequent development of non-fatal or fatal cardiovascular disease in a healthy population.

    METHOD: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is an easy-to-use, non-invasive and relatively inexpensive technique to evaluate changes in body water distribution. A random subset (n = 2120) of Danes aged 41-71 years, examined in 1993-1994 for body water distribution by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy was included. Cox-proportional hazard models and linear splines were performed. The ratio between resistance estimates from an infinite-frequency and from no-frequency (R∞/R0) was used as a surrogate measure of ratio between extracellular water and total body water. The outcome was 13.5 years of follow-up for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

    RESULTS: A high proportion of total body water that is extracellular water was associated with increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease. A threshold effect was evident, with greatly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality above R∞/R0 = 0.68. Below the threshold there seemed to be no additional benefit of having a low ratio.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that non-clinically evident oedema, measured as an increased proportion of total body water that is extracellular, above a threshold of 0.68, may be an early marker of pre-clinical cardiovascular disease. This simple, safe, cheap and easily obtainable measure of R∞/R0 from bioelectrical impedance may help the early identification of these otherwise clinically healthy individuals who are at an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. However, more studies are needed before it can be concluded that bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy improves clinical risk prediction.

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalP L o S One
    Volume9
    Issue number2
    Pages (from-to)e87466
    ISSN1932-6203
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2014

    Fingerprint

    Dive into the research topics of 'Body water distribution and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a healthy population: a prospective cohort study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

    Cite this