Bioactive insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein-1 in anorexia nervosa

CONTEXT: Regulation of IGF-I activity appears crucial in anorexia nervosa (AN) during adaptation to chronic starvation as well as during the regenerative processes on nutritional restoration.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between IGF-I bioactivity and IGF-binding capacity as expressed as formation of the binary complex of IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and IGF-I in patients with AN at different stages and with different subtypes of the disease.

DESIGN: This was a longitudinal study.

SETTING: The study took place at a clinical research center at a university hospital.

STUDY PARTICIPANTS: We studied a total of 45 women with AN and 24 age-comparable healthy controls.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: IGF-I bioactivity was determined using an IGF-I receptor activation assay, and IGF-I/IGFBP-1 complex formation was determined by an assay that allows direct determination of the binary complex.

RESULTS: IGF-I bioactivity was significantly decreased in serum from patients with AN. We found significant correlations between total, ultrafiltered free, and bioactive IGF-I. Despite increased IGFBP-1 concentrations, levels of IGF-I/IGFBP-1 binary complex were not significantly increased in AN. Oral contraceptives were associated with increased levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and binary complex formation. Ghrelin levels were only significantly raised in those patients who had lost more than 5% of the body weight during the last 4 wk, whereas ghrelin levels in weight-stable as well as in weight-gaining patients did not significantly differ from the controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Total IGF-I level is a suitable marker of IGF-I bioactivity in emaciated patients with AN irrespective of the clinical subtype and acute nutritional state.