Associations between physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in people with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

Marie M Jensen; Hanne Pedersen; Kim K B Clemmensen; Trine S Ekblond; Mathias Ried-Larsen; Kristine Færch; Christina Brock; Jonas S Quist

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005

Associations between physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in people with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

Marie M Jensen, Hanne Pedersen, Kim K B Clemmensen, Trine S Ekblond, Mathias Ried-Larsen, Kristine Færch, Christina Brock, Jonas S Quist^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity.

METHODS: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities-sedentary activity (0-100 counts/min), low light activity (101-759 counts/min), high light activity (760-1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times.

RESULTS: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6-65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5-35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).

Original language	English
Journal	The Journal of Nutrition
Volume	154
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	41-48
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0022-3166
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005
Publication status	Published - Jan 2024

Keywords

Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Exercise
Female
Gastric Emptying
Gastrointestinal Transit
Humans
Male
Obesity
Overweight
small intestinal transit
gastric emptying
gastrointestinal transit
physical activity
colonic transit

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10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005

Cite this

@article{5985e5eec84842609d961fded2a6944a,

title = "Associations between physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in people with normal weight, overweight, and obesity",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity.METHODS: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities-sedentary activity (0-100 counts/min), low light activity (101-759 counts/min), high light activity (760-1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times.RESULTS: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6-65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5-35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed.CONCLUSIONS: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).",

keywords = "Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastrointestinal Transit, Humans, Male, Obesity, Overweight, small intestinal transit, gastric emptying, gastrointestinal transit, physical activity, colonic transit",

author = "Jensen, {Marie M} and Hanne Pedersen and Clemmensen, {Kim K B} and Ekblond, {Trine S} and Mathias Ried-Larsen and Kristine F{\ae}rch and Christina Brock and Quist, {Jonas S}",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005",

language = "English",

volume = "154",

pages = "41--48",

journal = "The Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "0022-3166",

publisher = "American Society for Nutrition",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations between physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in people with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

AU - Jensen, Marie M

AU - Pedersen, Hanne

AU - Clemmensen, Kim K B

AU - Ekblond, Trine S

AU - Ried-Larsen, Mathias

AU - Færch, Kristine

AU - Brock, Christina

AU - Quist, Jonas S

PY - 2024/1

Y1 - 2024/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity.METHODS: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities-sedentary activity (0-100 counts/min), low light activity (101-759 counts/min), high light activity (760-1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times.RESULTS: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6-65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5-35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed.CONCLUSIONS: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).

AB - BACKGROUND: Rapid gastric emptying is associated with obesity and overeating, whereas delayed gastric emptying is associated with anorexia. Acute effects of exercise on gastric emptying have been investigated extensively, but the influence of habitual physical activity on gastric emptying and transit time in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in adults with varying degrees of adiposity.METHODS: 50 adults (58% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer placed on the lower back for 7 d. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colonic transit time, and whole gut transit time were simultaneously evaluated by a wireless motility capsule, which was ingested together with a standardized mixed meal. Linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of total activity counts and time spent at different intensities-sedentary activity (0-100 counts/min), low light activity (101-759 counts/min), high light activity (760-1951 counts/min); moderate and vigorous activity (≥1952 counts/min)) with gastrointestinal transit times.RESULTS: Median [Q1; Q3] age was 56.5 [46.6-65.5] y, and body mass index (BMI) was 32.1 [28.5-35.1] kg/m2. For every additional hour spent performing high light intensity physical activity, colonic transit time was 25.5 % [95% CI: 3.10, 42.7] more rapid (P = 0.028), and whole gut transit time was 16.2 % [95% CI: 1.84, 28.4] more rapid (P = 0.028) when adjusted for sex, age, and body fat. No other associations were observed.CONCLUSIONS: More time spent on physical activity at high light intensity was associated with more rapid colonic and whole gut transit time, independent of age, sex, and body fat, whereas other intensities of physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times were not associated.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov IDs (NCT03894670, NCT03854656).

KW - Adult

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Exercise

KW - Female

KW - Gastric Emptying

KW - Gastrointestinal Transit

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Obesity

KW - Overweight

KW - small intestinal transit

KW - gastric emptying

KW - gastrointestinal transit

KW - physical activity

KW - colonic transit

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U2 - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005

DO - 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.005

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37315794

SN - 0022-3166

VL - 154

SP - 41

EP - 48

JO - The Journal of Nutrition

JF - The Journal of Nutrition

IS - 1

ER -

Associations between physical activity and gastrointestinal transit times in people with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

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