A Systematic Review of the Circadian Rhythm of Bone Markers in Blood

Sarah Seberg Diemar, Stig Søgaard Dahl, Anders Sode West, Sofie Amalie Simonsen, Helle Klingenberg Iversen, Niklas Rye Jørgensen*

*Corresponding author for this work

Abstract

There exists a marked circadian variation for several bone markers (BM), which is influenced by endogenous as well as exogenous factors including hormones, physical activity, and fasting. Consequently, was the aim of this review to provide an overview of the knowledge of the circadian variation of BM and which factors influence this rhythmicity. A systematic search of PubMed was performed for studies evaluating the circadian variation of BM and which factors influence this rhythmicity. The studies were screened for eligibility by a set of predetermined criteria including a list of relevant BM and a minimum study duration of 24 h with at least 3 blood samples of which two should be at least 6 h apart. In total were 29 papers included. There exists a marked circadian variation for most BM including Carboxy-terminal Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) with nighttime or early morning peak. Pro-collagen Type I N-terminal Propeptide (PINP) and PTH also showed circadian rhythm but with less amplitude. The inter-osteoblast-osteoclast regulatory markers such as OPG, RANKL, FGF23, and sclerostin showed no circadian rhythm. The markers were differently affected by exogenous factors like fasting, which greatly reduced the circadian variation of CTX but did not affect PINP or OC. The marked circadian variation and the factors which influence the rhythmicity, e.g., fasting are of great consequence when measuring BM. To reduce variation and heighten validity should circadian variation and fasting be kept in mind when measuring BM.

Original languageEnglish
JournalCalcified Tissue International
Volume112
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)126-147
Number of pages22
ISSN0171-967X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2023

Keywords

  • Bone turnover markers
  • Circadian rhythm
  • Carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type i collagen
  • Pro-collagen type I N-terminal propeptide
  • Osteocalcin
  • Sclerostin
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Fibroblast growth factor 23
  • Bone and Bones
  • Biomarkers
  • Collagen Type I
  • Circadian Rhythm

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