2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal

Francis Veyckemans; Sophie Debouche; Jost Kaufmann; Nicola Disma; Angela Amigoni; Giulia Bonatti; Michelle Icka Christensen; Thomas Engelhardt; Alexander Fuchs; Thomas Fuchs-Buder; Tom G Hansen; Jacob Karlsson; Maren Kleine-Brueggeney; Andrea Clarissa Lusardi; Thomas Riva; Jean-Philippe Salaün; Vera Saldien; Rita Saynhalath; Mikkel Scavenius; Denis Schmartz; Luc E Vanlinthout; Ricardo Carlos Vieira; Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg; Carolina S Romero; Arash Afshari

doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal

Francis Veyckemans^*, Sophie Debouche, Jost Kaufmann, Nicola Disma, Angela Amigoni, Giulia Bonatti, Michelle Icka Christensen, Thomas Engelhardt, Alexander Fuchs, Thomas Fuchs-Buder, Tom G Hansen, Jacob Karlsson, Maren Kleine-Brueggeney, Andrea Clarissa Lusardi, Thomas Riva, Jean-Philippe Salaün, Vera Saldien, Rita Saynhalath, Mikkel Scavenius, Denis SchmartzLuc E Vanlinthout, Ricardo Carlos Vieira, Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg, Carolina S Romero, Arash Afshari

^*Corresponding author for this work

1 Citation (Scopus)

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Anaesthesiology
Volume	43
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	295-323
Number of pages	29
ISSN	0265-0215
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2026

Keywords

neuromuscular block, paediatric, neuromuscular blocking agents, neuromuscular monitoring, reversal

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10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

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Veyckemans, F., Debouche, S., Kaufmann, J., Disma, N., Amigoni, A., Bonatti, G., Christensen, M. I., Engelhardt, T., Fuchs, A., Fuchs-Buder, T., Hansen, T. G., Karlsson, J., Kleine-Brueggeney, M., Lusardi, A. C., Riva, T., Salaün, J.-P., Saldien, V., Saynhalath, R., Scavenius, M., ... Afshari, A. (2026). 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 43(4), 295-323. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

Veyckemans, F, Debouche, S, Kaufmann, J, Disma, N, Amigoni, A, Bonatti, G, Christensen, MI, Engelhardt, T, Fuchs, A, Fuchs-Buder, T, Hansen, TG, Karlsson, J, Kleine-Brueggeney, M, Lusardi, AC, Riva, T, Salaün, J-P, Saldien, V, Saynhalath, R, Scavenius, M, Schmartz, D, Vanlinthout, LE, Vieira, RC, von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, Romero, CS & Afshari, A 2026, '2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal', European Journal of Anaesthesiology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 295-323. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

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title = "2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal",

keywords = "neuromuscular block, paediatric, neuromuscular blocking agents, neuromuscular monitoring, reversal",

author = "Francis Veyckemans and Sophie Debouche and Jost Kaufmann and Nicola Disma and Angela Amigoni and Giulia Bonatti and Christensen, \{Michelle Icka\} and Thomas Engelhardt and Alexander Fuchs and Thomas Fuchs-Buder and Hansen, \{Tom G\} and Jacob Karlsson and Maren Kleine-Brueggeney and Lusardi, \{Andrea Clarissa\} and Thomas Riva and Jean-Philippe Sala{\"u}n and Vera Saldien and Rita Saynhalath and Mikkel Scavenius and Denis Schmartz and Vanlinthout, \{Luc E\} and Vieira, \{Ricardo Carlos\} and \{von Ungern-Sternberg\}, \{Britta S\} and Romero, \{Carolina S\} and Arash Afshari",

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T1 - 2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children

T2 - Indications, monitoring and reversal

AU - Veyckemans, Francis

AU - Debouche, Sophie

AU - Kaufmann, Jost

AU - Disma, Nicola

AU - Amigoni, Angela

AU - Bonatti, Giulia

AU - Christensen, Michelle Icka

AU - Engelhardt, Thomas

AU - Fuchs, Alexander

AU - Fuchs-Buder, Thomas

AU - Hansen, Tom G

AU - Karlsson, Jacob

AU - Kleine-Brueggeney, Maren

AU - Lusardi, Andrea Clarissa

AU - Riva, Thomas

AU - Salaün, Jean-Philippe

AU - Saldien, Vera

AU - Saynhalath, Rita

AU - Scavenius, Mikkel

AU - Schmartz, Denis

AU - Vanlinthout, Luc E

AU - Vieira, Ricardo Carlos

AU - von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta S

AU - Romero, Carolina S

AU - Afshari, Arash

PY - 2026/4/1

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KW - neuromuscular block, paediatric, neuromuscular blocking agents, neuromuscular monitoring, reversal

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031763365

U2 - 10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

DO - 10.1097/EJA.0000000000002357

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 41766420

SN - 0265-0215

VL - 43

SP - 295

EP - 323

JO - European Journal of Anaesthesiology

JF - European Journal of Anaesthesiology

IS - 4

ER -

2025 ESAIC and ESPA Guidelines on neuromuscular block in anaesthetised children: Indications, monitoring and reversal

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