Update on nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Gadolinium-based contrast agents were for many years considered safe, but this is no longer the case. The least stable agents may trigger the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a generalized fibrotic disorder, in renal failure patients. The use of gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine is now contraindicated in Europe and Japan in patients who have a glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2), including those on dialysis. The fear of NSF, however, should not lead to an enhanced MR imaging examination being denied when there is a good clinical indication to give a gadolinium-based contrast agent.