TY - JOUR
T1 - The Relationship between Pain and Spasticity and Tell-Tale Signs of Pain in Children with Cerebral Palsy
AU - Wong, Christian
PY - 2023/2/13
Y1 - 2023/2/13
N2 - Pain and quality of life are closely interrelated in children with cerebral palsy (CCP). Even though 67% of CCP experience pain, it is overlooked and untreated. In this study, our purpose was two-fold: first, to examine the relationship between pain and spasticity by evaluating the effects of AbobotulinumtoxinA/Dysport (BoNT), and second, to describe the symptoms and location of pain in CCP. The subjects were 22 CCP in at least moderate pain. They were evaluated for spasticity by the modified Ashworth and Tardieu scale and for pain by the r-FLACC and the pediatric pain profile. After one injection of BoNT, the subjects were re-evaluated. We found a significant reduction in pain, but no significant relationship between the reduction of pain and spasticity. We found no association between the dose of BoNT and pain or spasticity. Pain in the lower extremity was located primarily in the hip region. The effect of ultrasound-guided intermuscular injections of BoNT suggests that pain in CCP has an extra-articular component. We found that pain in CCP manifests as specific tell-tale signs and problems in daily living. In conclusion, we found no relationship between pain and spasticity. Signs and manifestations of pain are described in detail. Lower extremity (hip) pain seems to have a soft tissue/extra-articular component.
AB - Pain and quality of life are closely interrelated in children with cerebral palsy (CCP). Even though 67% of CCP experience pain, it is overlooked and untreated. In this study, our purpose was two-fold: first, to examine the relationship between pain and spasticity by evaluating the effects of AbobotulinumtoxinA/Dysport (BoNT), and second, to describe the symptoms and location of pain in CCP. The subjects were 22 CCP in at least moderate pain. They were evaluated for spasticity by the modified Ashworth and Tardieu scale and for pain by the r-FLACC and the pediatric pain profile. After one injection of BoNT, the subjects were re-evaluated. We found a significant reduction in pain, but no significant relationship between the reduction of pain and spasticity. We found no association between the dose of BoNT and pain or spasticity. Pain in the lower extremity was located primarily in the hip region. The effect of ultrasound-guided intermuscular injections of BoNT suggests that pain in CCP has an extra-articular component. We found that pain in CCP manifests as specific tell-tale signs and problems in daily living. In conclusion, we found no relationship between pain and spasticity. Signs and manifestations of pain are described in detail. Lower extremity (hip) pain seems to have a soft tissue/extra-articular component.
KW - Humans
KW - Child
KW - Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Cerebral Palsy/drug therapy
KW - Quality of Life
KW - Treatment Outcome
KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use
KW - Muscle Spasticity/drug therapy
KW - Pain/drug therapy
KW - Arthralgia/drug therapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148965752&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins15020152
DO - 10.3390/toxins15020152
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36828465
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 15
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 2
M1 - 152
ER -