TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of maternal smoking on fetal and infant growth
AU - Vielwerth, S. E.
AU - Jensen, R. B.
AU - Larsen, T.
AU - Greisen, G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Novo Nordisk A/S, the Lundbeck Foundation, the Health Insurance Foundation and The Danish Diabetes Association supported this study.
PY - 2007/8
Y1 - 2007/8
N2 - Background: Low birth weight is associated with accelerated postnatal growth and adverse adult health outcomes. Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for low birth weight. This study aims to assess: •Pre- and postnatal growth associated with maternal smoking compared to other risk factors for low birth weight.•The effect of reduction of maternal smoking on growth. Subjects: A cohort (n = 269) followed with ultrasound measurements in the third trimester and postnatal anthropometric measurements until 6 months of age. Mothers were interviewed about their smoking habits at 18 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Maternal smoking was associated with a greater reduction in birth length SDS than other causes of equally reduced birth weight (mean difference: - 0.25 SDS, P = 0.013). The adjustment of gestational age, based on bi-parietal diameter at an early dating scan, indicated that mothers who reduced smoking carried smaller fetuses than mothers who continued to smoke heavily (mean difference = 2.6 days, P = 0.012). Birth weights in these two groups were similar (P = 0.87). However at 3 months of age, reduced smoking was associated with lower weight (mean difference = - 0.38 SDS, P = 0.045). Conclusions: Maternal smoking was associated with a reduction of linear growth, which was more marked than that of other risk factors, and which seemed to occur before the 3rd trimester. The results indicated a beneficial effect of reduction of smoking upon third trimester growth, and that the decision to reduce smoking in mid-pregnancy may be influenced by early fetal size.
AB - Background: Low birth weight is associated with accelerated postnatal growth and adverse adult health outcomes. Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for low birth weight. This study aims to assess: •Pre- and postnatal growth associated with maternal smoking compared to other risk factors for low birth weight.•The effect of reduction of maternal smoking on growth. Subjects: A cohort (n = 269) followed with ultrasound measurements in the third trimester and postnatal anthropometric measurements until 6 months of age. Mothers were interviewed about their smoking habits at 18 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Maternal smoking was associated with a greater reduction in birth length SDS than other causes of equally reduced birth weight (mean difference: - 0.25 SDS, P = 0.013). The adjustment of gestational age, based on bi-parietal diameter at an early dating scan, indicated that mothers who reduced smoking carried smaller fetuses than mothers who continued to smoke heavily (mean difference = 2.6 days, P = 0.012). Birth weights in these two groups were similar (P = 0.87). However at 3 months of age, reduced smoking was associated with lower weight (mean difference = - 0.38 SDS, P = 0.045). Conclusions: Maternal smoking was associated with a reduction of linear growth, which was more marked than that of other risk factors, and which seemed to occur before the 3rd trimester. The results indicated a beneficial effect of reduction of smoking upon third trimester growth, and that the decision to reduce smoking in mid-pregnancy may be influenced by early fetal size.
KW - Infant growth
KW - Intrauterine growth;
KW - Maternal smoking;
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33947407676&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.010
DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.010
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 17079098
AN - SCOPUS:33947407676
SN - 0378-3782
VL - 83
SP - 491
EP - 495
JO - Early Human Development
JF - Early Human Development
IS - 8
ER -