@article{cff3c2207866471eb6412703fcb946d6,
title = "The effect of continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and tibolone on cardiovascular metabolic risk factors",
abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Hormone treatment (HT) after the menopause affects lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation and may modify risk factors relevant for the clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Tibolone has pharmacodynamic properties different from other hormone preparations. Here, we compare the effect of combined HT and tibolone on metabolic risk markers for the development of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 1.25 or 2.5 mg/day of tibolone or oral continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE/MPA). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Body mass index and blood pressure were unaffected by the HT. HOMA-IR decreased in the CEE/MPA group (3.69 vs. 3.38; p = 0.02). Treatment with tibolone increased tissue-type plasminogen activator activity (0.87 IU/ml vs. 1.21 IU/ml; p = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (0.83 mg/l vs. 1.88 mg/l; p < 0.001), and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (6.9 IU/ml vs. 2.0 IU/ml; p < 0.001) and triglycerides (0.99 vs. 0.87 mmol/l; p = 0.004). Both treatments decreased total cholesterol significantly. CONCLUSIONS: CEE/MPA and tibolone have comparable effects on most metabolic risk factors investigated. The effect of tibolone on fibrinolysis and triglycerides suggests that tibolone has a favorable pharmacological profile on these risk factors when compared to CEE/MPA.",
author = "Skouby, {S O} and Sidelmann, {J J} and L Nilas and J Gram and J Jespersen",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1080/13697130802455150",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "489--97",
journal = "Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society",
issn = "1369-7137",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
number = "6",
}