TY - JOUR
T1 - Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity
AU - Levine, Michael
AU - Hoffman, Robert S
AU - Lavergne, Valéry
AU - Stork, Christine M
AU - Graudins, Andis
AU - Chuang, Ryan
AU - Stellpflug, Samuel J
AU - Morris, Martin
AU - Miller-Nesbitt, Andrea
AU - Gosselin, Sophie
AU - Lipid Emulsion Workgroup
PY - 2016/3
Y1 - 2016/3
N2 - BACKGROUND: The use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy for the treatment of lipophilic drug toxicity is increasing. Despite this, the evidence for its effect in non-local anesthetic toxicity remains sparse. Furthermore, many case reports describe ILE use for substances in which no clear efficacy data exists. The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology established a lipid emulsion workgroup. The aim of this group is to review the available evidence regarding the effect of ILE in non-LA drug poisoning and develop consensus-based recommendations on the use of this therapy.METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to capture articles through 15 December 2014. Relevant articles were determined based upon a predefined methodology. Articles involving pre-treatment experiments, pharmacokinetic studies not involving toxicity, and studies not addressing antidotal use of ILE met pre-defined exclusion criteria. Agreement of at least two members of the subgroup was required before an article could be excluded.RESULTS: The final analysis included 203 articles: 141 for humans and 62 for animals. These include 40 animal experiments and 22 case reports involving animal toxicity. There were three human randomized control trials (RCT): one RCT examined ILE in TCA overdose, one RCT examined ILE in various overdoses, and one study examined ILE in reversal of sedation after therapeutic administration of inhaled anesthesia. One observational study examined ILE in glyphosate overdose. In addition, 137 human case reports or case series were identified. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy was used in the management of overdose with 65 unique substances.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the use of ILE for multiple substances in the treatment of patients with poisoning and overdose, the effect of ILE in various non-local anesthetic poisonings is heterogenous, and the quality of evidence remains low to very low.
AB - BACKGROUND: The use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy for the treatment of lipophilic drug toxicity is increasing. Despite this, the evidence for its effect in non-local anesthetic toxicity remains sparse. Furthermore, many case reports describe ILE use for substances in which no clear efficacy data exists. The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology established a lipid emulsion workgroup. The aim of this group is to review the available evidence regarding the effect of ILE in non-LA drug poisoning and develop consensus-based recommendations on the use of this therapy.METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to capture articles through 15 December 2014. Relevant articles were determined based upon a predefined methodology. Articles involving pre-treatment experiments, pharmacokinetic studies not involving toxicity, and studies not addressing antidotal use of ILE met pre-defined exclusion criteria. Agreement of at least two members of the subgroup was required before an article could be excluded.RESULTS: The final analysis included 203 articles: 141 for humans and 62 for animals. These include 40 animal experiments and 22 case reports involving animal toxicity. There were three human randomized control trials (RCT): one RCT examined ILE in TCA overdose, one RCT examined ILE in various overdoses, and one study examined ILE in reversal of sedation after therapeutic administration of inhaled anesthesia. One observational study examined ILE in glyphosate overdose. In addition, 137 human case reports or case series were identified. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy was used in the management of overdose with 65 unique substances.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the use of ILE for multiple substances in the treatment of patients with poisoning and overdose, the effect of ILE in various non-local anesthetic poisonings is heterogenous, and the quality of evidence remains low to very low.
KW - Anesthetics
KW - Anesthetics, Inhalation
KW - Antidotes
KW - Drug Overdose
KW - Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
KW - Journal Article
KW - Meta-Analysis
KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW - Review
U2 - 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286
DO - 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26852931
SN - 1556-3650
VL - 54
SP - 194
EP - 221
JO - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
JF - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
IS - 3
ER -