Polymorphism screening of four genes encoding advanced glycation end-product putative receptors. Association study with nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes. Four putative AGE receptors (RAGEs), AGE-R1, AGE-R2, and AGE-R3 have been described. In this study, we scanned the sequence of the genes encoding these AGE receptors in 48 patients with type 1 diabetes and investigated the identified polymorphisms (n = 19) in 199 type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy and 193 type 1 diabetic patients without nephropathy. Overall, none of the polymorphisms was strongly associated with nephropathy. The minor allele of a polymorphism located in the promoter region of the RAGE gene (C-1152A) conferred a weak protective effect (P < 0.05) and was associated with a longer duration of nephropathy-free diabetes (P = 0.08).