TY - JOUR
T1 - Polygenic risk score, psychosocial environment and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
AU - Østergaard, Søren D
AU - Trabjerg, Betina B
AU - Als, Thomas D
AU - Climent, Clara Albiñana
AU - Privé, Florian
AU - Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni Jóhann
AU - Bækvad-Hansen, Marie
AU - Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas
AU - Hougaard, David M
AU - Nordentoft, Merete
AU - Werge, Thomas
AU - Demontis, Ditte
AU - Mortensen, Preben B
AU - Børglum, Anders D
AU - Mors, Ole
AU - Agerbo, Esben
PY - 2020/10/2
Y1 - 2020/10/2
N2 - The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the polygenic liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the psychosocial environment impact the risk of ADHD in interaction or independently of each other. We conducted a register- and biobank-based cohort study of 13,725 individuals with ADHD and 20,147 randomly drawn population-based controls. These 33,872 cohort members were genotyped on the Infinium PsychChip v1.0 array (Illumina). Subsequently, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and extracted register data regarding the following risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment for each cohort member at the time of birth: maternal/paternal history of mental disorders, maternal/paternal education, maternal/paternal work status, and maternal/paternal income. We used logistic regression analyses to assess the main effects of the PRS for ADHD and the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD. Subsequently, we evaluated whether the effect of the PRS and the psychosocial environment act independently or in interaction upon the risk of ADHD. We found that ADHD was strongly associated with the PRS (odds ratio: 6.03, 95%CI: 4.74-7.70 for highest vs. lowest 2% liability). All risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment were associated with an increased risk of ADHD. These associations were only slightly attenuated after mutual adjustments. We found no statistically significant interaction between the polygenic liability and the psychosocial environment upon the risk of ADHD. In conclusion, we found main effects of both polygenic liability and risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD-in the expected direction.
AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the polygenic liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the psychosocial environment impact the risk of ADHD in interaction or independently of each other. We conducted a register- and biobank-based cohort study of 13,725 individuals with ADHD and 20,147 randomly drawn population-based controls. These 33,872 cohort members were genotyped on the Infinium PsychChip v1.0 array (Illumina). Subsequently, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and extracted register data regarding the following risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment for each cohort member at the time of birth: maternal/paternal history of mental disorders, maternal/paternal education, maternal/paternal work status, and maternal/paternal income. We used logistic regression analyses to assess the main effects of the PRS for ADHD and the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD. Subsequently, we evaluated whether the effect of the PRS and the psychosocial environment act independently or in interaction upon the risk of ADHD. We found that ADHD was strongly associated with the PRS (odds ratio: 6.03, 95%CI: 4.74-7.70 for highest vs. lowest 2% liability). All risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment were associated with an increased risk of ADHD. These associations were only slightly attenuated after mutual adjustments. We found no statistically significant interaction between the polygenic liability and the psychosocial environment upon the risk of ADHD. In conclusion, we found main effects of both polygenic liability and risk factors pertaining to the psychosocial environment on the risk of ADHD-in the expected direction.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091842443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41398-020-01019-6
DO - 10.1038/s41398-020-01019-6
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33009369
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 10
SP - 335
JO - Translational psychiatry
JF - Translational psychiatry
IS - 1
M1 - 335
ER -