Non-traumatic Acute Extremity Compartment Syndrome

NTECS is a seldom encountered clinical phenomenon, with existing literature predominantly comprising case reports or systematic reviews. Limited institutional studies have explored NTECS, primarily focusing on cases attributed to substance abuse-induced compartment syndrome. Nonetheless, the etiological spectrum of NTECS within case reports extends far beyond, encompassing diverse triggers such as therapeutic anticoagulation, protein S deficiency, perioperative positioning, alcohol intoxication, infectious diseases, endocrine disorders, hereditary conditions, vascular events, environmental exposures, and even rare complications of viral illnesses like COVID-19. Despite this breadth of reported NTECS etiologies, a comprehensive retrospective analysis across multiple institutions over an extended period is lacking. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of NTECS cases, insights into patient demographics and associated mortality rates remain scarce. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the varied etiological factors contributing to NTECS, characterize the demographic profile of affected individuals, and ascertain the incidence of in-hospital mortality associated with these etiologies.