TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular epidemiology and the evolution of human coxsackievirus A6
AU - Puenpa, Jiratchaya
AU - Vongpunsawad, Sompong
AU - Österback, Riikka
AU - Waris, Matti
AU - Eriksson, Eva
AU - Albert, Jan
AU - Midgley, Sofie
AU - Fischer, Thea K
AU - Eis-Hübinger, Anna M
AU - Cabrerizo, María
AU - Gaunt, Eleanor
AU - Simmonds, Peter
AU - Poovorawan, Yong
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) is a major aetiologic agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent years. HFMD outbreaks associated with CV-A6 resulted from the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A6 and the appearance of novel recombinant forms (RFs). To examine this, 151 variants collected in 2013 and 2014 from Germany, Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Thailand were genotyped for the VP1 capsid and 3Dpol genes. Analysis of the VP1 gene showed an increasing correspondence between CV-A6 genome recombination and sequence divergence (estimated substitution rate of 8.1×10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1 and RF half-life of 3.1 years). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that recent recombination groups (RF-E, -F, -H, -J and -K) shared a common ancestor (RF-A). Thirty-nine full-length genomes of different RFs revealed recombination breakpoints between the 2A-2C and the 5' UTRs. The emergence of new CV-A6 recombination groups has become widespread in Europe and Asia within the last 8 years.
AB - Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) is a major aetiologic agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent years. HFMD outbreaks associated with CV-A6 resulted from the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A6 and the appearance of novel recombinant forms (RFs). To examine this, 151 variants collected in 2013 and 2014 from Germany, Spain, Sweden, Denmark and Thailand were genotyped for the VP1 capsid and 3Dpol genes. Analysis of the VP1 gene showed an increasing correspondence between CV-A6 genome recombination and sequence divergence (estimated substitution rate of 8.1×10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1 and RF half-life of 3.1 years). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that recent recombination groups (RF-E, -F, -H, -J and -K) shared a common ancestor (RF-A). Thirty-nine full-length genomes of different RFs revealed recombination breakpoints between the 2A-2C and the 5' UTRs. The emergence of new CV-A6 recombination groups has become widespread in Europe and Asia within the last 8 years.
KW - Asia/epidemiology
KW - Capsid Proteins/genetics
KW - Enterovirus/classification
KW - Europe
KW - Evolution, Molecular
KW - Genotype
KW - Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Molecular Epidemiology
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Recombination, Genetic
U2 - 10.1099/jgv.0.000619
DO - 10.1099/jgv.0.000619
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27692044
SN - 0022-1317
VL - 97
SP - 3225
EP - 3231
JO - The Journal of general virology
JF - The Journal of general virology
IS - 12
ER -