Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition

Karri Silventoinen; Ann Louise Hasselbalch; Tea Lallukka; Leonie Bogl; Kirsi H Pietiläinen; Berit L Heitmann; Karoline Schousboe; Aila Rissanen; Kirsten O Kyvik; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Jaakko Kaprio

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition

Karri Silventoinen, Ann Louise Hasselbalch, Tea Lallukka, Leonie Bogl, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Berit L Heitmann, Karoline Schousboe, Aila Rissanen, Kirsten O Kyvik, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Jaakko Kaprio

57 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat.

DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA).

RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	The American journal of clinical nutrition
Vol/bind	90
Udgave nummer	4
Sider (fra-til)	1096-103
Antal sider	8
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689
Status	Udgivet - okt. 2009

Adgang til dokumentet

10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

Citationsformater

Silventoinen, K., Hasselbalch, A. L., Lallukka, T., Bogl, L., Pietiläinen, K. H., Heitmann, B. L., Schousboe, K., Rissanen, A., Kyvik, K. O., Sørensen, T. I. A., & Kaprio, J. (2009). Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 90(4), 1096-103. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

Silventoinen, K, Hasselbalch, AL, Lallukka, T, Bogl, L, Pietiläinen, KH, Heitmann, BL, Schousboe, K, Rissanen, A, Kyvik, KO, Sørensen, TIA & Kaprio, J 2009, 'Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition', The American journal of clinical nutrition, bind 90, nr. 4, s. 1096-103. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

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title = "Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat.DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA).RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.",

keywords = "Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Body Size, Denmark, Dietary Proteins, Diseases in Twins, Exercise, Female, Finland, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Obesity, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Sex Factors, Waist Circumference, Young Adult",

author = "Karri Silventoinen and Hasselbalch, {Ann Louise} and Tea Lallukka and Leonie Bogl and Pietil{\"a}inen, {Kirsi H} and Heitmann, {Berit L} and Karoline Schousboe and Aila Rissanen and Kyvik, {Kirsten O} and S{\o}rensen, {Thorkild I A} and Jaakko Kaprio",

year = "2009",

month = oct,

doi = "10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689",

language = "English",

volume = "90",

pages = "1096--103",

journal = "The American journal of clinical nutrition",

issn = "0002-9165",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition

AU - Silventoinen, Karri

AU - Hasselbalch, Ann Louise

AU - Lallukka, Tea

AU - Bogl, Leonie

AU - Pietiläinen, Kirsi H

AU - Heitmann, Berit L

AU - Schousboe, Karoline

AU - Rissanen, Aila

AU - Kyvik, Kirsten O

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Kaprio, Jaakko

PY - 2009/10

Y1 - 2009/10

N2 - BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat.DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA).RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.

AB - BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat.DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA).RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.

KW - Adipose Tissue

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Body Composition

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Body Size

KW - Denmark

KW - Dietary Proteins

KW - Diseases in Twins

KW - Exercise

KW - Female

KW - Finland

KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease

KW - Genetic Variation

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Motor Activity

KW - Obesity

KW - Quantitative Trait, Heritable

KW - Sex Factors

KW - Waist Circumference

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

DO - 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27689

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19710197

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 90

SP - 1096

EP - 1103

JO - The American journal of clinical nutrition

JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition

IS - 4

ER -

Modification effects of physical activity and protein intake on heritability of body size and composition

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