Matrix effect in tumor lysates - Does it affect your cytokine ELISA and multiplex analyses?

Quantification of cytokines in cancerous tissue is important for understanding basic tumor biology and for deciphering anti-cancer mechanisms in drug development. Cytokine measurements on protein-level are often done by immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) and multiplex assays. However, immunoassays are prone to interference due to the presence of perturbing factors. The sum of these factors is known as the matrix effect, which results in a deviation of the measured cytokine concentration from the actual concentration. In this study, we demonstrated that matrix effects are present in tumor lysates from 11 different syngeneic murine tumors and that it can greatly affect cytokine measurements in ELISAs and multiplex assays. Dilution of tumor lysates and careful selection of lysis buffer components may decrease matrix effects. However, matrix effects are still present, and care should be taken when analyzing cytokine measurements of tumor lysates.