Management of intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): An observational cohort study

Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö, Eric Peter Thelin, Jiri Bartek, Adrian Elmi-Terander, Mikael Broman, Bo-Michael Bellander

41 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common complication in adults treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to identify predictors of outcome and investigate intervention strategies following ICH development in ECMO-treated adult patients.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients (≥18 years) who developed an ICH during ECMO treatment at the Karolinska University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden) between September 2005 and May 2017. Outcome was assessed by 30-day mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) after 6 months. The statistical analysis was supplemented by a case series of patients who were surgically treated for an ICH.

RESULTS: Sixty-five patients developed an ICH during ECMO treatment. 30-day mortality was 74% (n = 48), and was significantly associated with low level of consciousness at ICH diagnosis (p = 0.036), presence of intraparenchymal hematoma (IPH) (p = 0.049), IPH volume (p = 0.002), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.001), subarachnoid hemorrhage Fisher grade (p<0.001), hydrocephalus (p<0.001), midline shift (p = 0.026) and absent basal cisterns (p<0.001). Among the 30-day survivors (n = 17), 63% (n = 10) had favorable neurological outcome (GOS 4-5) after six months. Five patients were surgically treated for their ICH, some with dire hemorrhagic consequences, however one patient made a complete recovery.

CONCLUSIONS: ICH in adult ECMO patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Outcome predictors can help to identify patients where ICH treatment is indicated. Treating a patient with an ICH during ECMO represents an intricate balance between pro- and anticoagulatory demands. Furthermore, surgical treatment is associated with several risks but may be indicated in life-threatening lesions. Prospective studies are warranted.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftP L o S One
Vol/bind12
Udgave nummer12
Sider (fra-til)e0190365
ISSN1932-6203
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2017

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