TY - JOUR
T1 - Low Birth Weight Increases the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young
T2 - A Nationwide Study of 2.2 Million People
AU - Waaler Loland, Vilde
AU - Ågesen, Frederik Nybye
AU - Lynge, Thomas Hadberg
AU - Pinborg, Anja
AU - Jabbari, Reza
AU - Warming, Peder Emil
AU - Pedersen, Morten Akhøj
AU - Risgaard, Bjarke
AU - Winkel, Bo Gregers
AU - Tfelt-Hansen, Jacob
PY - 2021/4/6
Y1 - 2021/4/6
N2 - Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) constitutes a major health problem worldwide. We investigated whether birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age are associated with altered risk of SCD among the young (aged 1-36 years). Methods and Results We included all people born in Denmark from 1973 to 2008 utilizing the Danish Medical Birth Register. All SCDs in Denmark in 2000 to 2009 have previously been identified. We defined 5 BW groups, SGA, and large for gestational age as exposure and SCD as the outcome. We estimated the age-specific relative risk of SCD with 95% CI. Additionally, we investigated if SGA and large for gestational age are associated with pathological findings at autopsy. The study population for the BW analyses comprised 2 234 501 people with 389 SCD cases, and the SGA and large for gestational age analyses comprised 1 786 281 people with 193 SCD cases. The relative risk for SCD was 6.69 for people with BW between 1500 and 2499 g (95% CI, 2.38-18.80, P<0.001) and 5.89 for people with BW ≥4500 g (95% CI, 1.81-19.12, P=0.003) at age 5 years. BW 2500 to 3400 g was the reference group. Compared with an appropriate gestational age, the relative risk for SGA was 2.85 (95% CI, 1.35-6.00, P=0.006) at age 10 years. For the autopsied cases, the relative risk of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome at age 5 years was 4.19 for SGA (95% CI, 1.08-16.22, P=0.038). Conclusions We found an association between BW and SCD in the young, with an increased risk among SGA infants. In addition, we found an association between SGA and sudden arrhythmic death syndrome.
AB - Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) constitutes a major health problem worldwide. We investigated whether birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age are associated with altered risk of SCD among the young (aged 1-36 years). Methods and Results We included all people born in Denmark from 1973 to 2008 utilizing the Danish Medical Birth Register. All SCDs in Denmark in 2000 to 2009 have previously been identified. We defined 5 BW groups, SGA, and large for gestational age as exposure and SCD as the outcome. We estimated the age-specific relative risk of SCD with 95% CI. Additionally, we investigated if SGA and large for gestational age are associated with pathological findings at autopsy. The study population for the BW analyses comprised 2 234 501 people with 389 SCD cases, and the SGA and large for gestational age analyses comprised 1 786 281 people with 193 SCD cases. The relative risk for SCD was 6.69 for people with BW between 1500 and 2499 g (95% CI, 2.38-18.80, P<0.001) and 5.89 for people with BW ≥4500 g (95% CI, 1.81-19.12, P=0.003) at age 5 years. BW 2500 to 3400 g was the reference group. Compared with an appropriate gestational age, the relative risk for SGA was 2.85 (95% CI, 1.35-6.00, P=0.006) at age 10 years. For the autopsied cases, the relative risk of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome at age 5 years was 4.19 for SGA (95% CI, 1.08-16.22, P=0.038). Conclusions We found an association between BW and SCD in the young, with an increased risk among SGA infants. In addition, we found an association between SGA and sudden arrhythmic death syndrome.
KW - Adult
KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
KW - Cause of Death
KW - Child
KW - Correlation of Data
KW - Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology
KW - Denmark/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Fetal Macrosomia/diagnosis
KW - Gestational Age
KW - Heart Disease Risk Factors
KW - Humans
KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight/physiology
KW - Infant, Newborn
KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age/physiology
KW - Male
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - Risk Assessment/methods
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104047586&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.120.018314
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.120.018314
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33749305
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 10
SP - e018314
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 7
M1 - e018314
ER -