Long-term health outcomes in survivors of childhood AML treated with allogeneic HSCT: a NOPHO-AML Study

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) improves event-free survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the burden of late effects may be increased. We compared health-related outcomes in childhood AML survivors treated according to the NOPHO-AML protocols either with or without allo-HSCT at age < 21 years. Out of the 147 eligible AML survivors treated with allo-HSCT, 95 (65%) and 53 (75%) of their eligible siblings completed a questionnaire. Their data were compared to corresponding data collected previously from NOPHO-AML survivors treated with chemotherapy only (CT) (n = 101). The median follow-up was 12 (range 2-28) years after allo-HSCT and 47% had received total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning. Allo-HSCT survivors reported significantly more physical health limitations (39% vs 7%, p < 0.005), medications for cardiovascular disease (10% vs 1%, p < 0.05) and use of analgesics (32% vs 11%, p < 0.01) than CT survivors. Health problems prevented 16% of the allo-HSCT survivors from attending school or managing a job vs. 3% among CT survivors (p < 0.05). Among 73 allo-HSCT survivors (age ≥ 15 years), seven females reported natural pregnancies and three males reported unassisted conceptions in partners. Survivors of childhood AML treated with allo-HSCT experienced more physical health limitations and used more medications than the survivors treated with chemotherapy only.