Implementation of an Innovative Technology Called the OR Black Box: A Feasibility Study

Introduction. The operating room (OR) Black Box is an innovative technology that captures and compiles extensive real-time data from the OR, allowing identification and analysis of factors that influence intraoperative procedures and performances - ultimately improving patient safety. Implementation of this kind of technology is still an emerging research area and prone to face challenges. Methods. Observational study running from May 2017 to May 2021 conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark, involving 152 OR staff and 306 patients. Feasibility of the OR Black Box was assessed in accordance with Bowen's framework with 8 focus areas. Results. The OR Black Box had a high level of acceptability among stakeholders with 100% participation from management, 93% from OR staff, and 98% from patients. The implementation process improved over time, and an average of 80% of the surgeries conducted were captured. The practical aspects such as numerous formal and informal meetings, ethical and legal approval, recruitment of patients were acceptable, albeit time-consuming. The OR Black Box was adopted without any changes in scheduled surgery program, but capturing hours were adjusted to match the surgery program and relocation of OR staff declining to provide consent was possible. Conclusions. Implementation of the OR Black Box was feasible yet challenging. Management, nearly all staff, and patients embraced the initiative; however, ongoing evaluation, information meetings, and commitment from stakeholders are required and crucial to sustain momentum, continue implementation and expansion. Ideas from this study can be useful in the implementation of similar initiatives.