Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is safe regardless of timing

Purpose: The optimal timing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (AC) has not been resolved. In the revised Tokyo Guidelines from 2018 (TG18), early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) is recommended regardless of the duration of symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of ELC compared with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) for AC. In addition, we assessed the perioperative outcomes after ELC based on duration of symptoms. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients operated for acute calculous cholecystitis from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018, at Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev. ELC was divided into three subgroups based on the duration of symptoms from onset to operation, ≤ 72 h, > 72–120 h, > 120 h. Results: Two hundred twenty-two patients underwent ELC and 26 (10.5%) patients underwent DLC. We found no difference in mortality, morbidity, conversion rate, or bile duct injuries between DLC and ELC or in the subgroups based on duration of symptoms. We found significantly longer total hospital length of stay for patients with symptoms > 72 h (4.1–5.6 days) compared to ≤ 72 h (3.1 days) and the longest in DLC (9.9 days). Twenty-three percent of DLC needed an emergency operation in the waiting period with a high conversion rate (1/3). Conclusion: ELC for AC even beyond 5 days of symptoms is safe and not associated with increased complications. The duration of symptoms in AC is not an independent predictor and should not influence the surgeonsmsdecision to perform an ELC. Delaying cholecystectomy has a high failure rate.