Das Mikrobiom in der Reproduktionsmedizin: Bedeutung und therapeutische Ansätze

Background: Current studies emphasize that the vaginal and endometrial microbiome plays a central role in reproductive medicine. The results suggest that the microbiological equilibrium in the genital tract is crucial for the success of natural conception as well as the treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Material and methods, objective: The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the vaginal and endometrial microbiome in reproductive medicine. Based on the current literature potential links between dysbiosis and negative reproductive outcomes are presented. Results and discussion: Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome is frequently associated with reduced fertility and an increased risk of pregnancy complications; however, data regarding the endometrial microbiome are inconsistent, which makes it difficult to come to clear clinical conclusions. Currently, no established therapeutic approaches exist to specifically target the microbiome for improving ART outcomes. Further well-designed clinical studies are needed to develop an evidence-based treatment of dysbiosis for women wanting to become pregnant.