Complement activation and bioincompatibility. The terminal complement complex for evaluation and surface modification with heparin for improvement of biomaterials

The degree of biocompatibility of biomaterials can be evaluated using various assay systems detecting activation of the blood cascade systems, leukocytes or platelets. Activation of complement is one mechanism associated with adverse effects observed when bioincompatible materials are used. We present data showing that the terminal complement complex, an indicator of terminal pathway activation, is suitable for evaluation of biocompatibility of biomaterials such as cardiopulmonary bypass devices. Furthermore, our results suggest that bioincompatibility is improved when artificial surfaces are modified with end point attached functionally active heparin.