Clinical manifestations of migraine

Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition with a substantial economic burden and impact on affected individuals’ well-being. Accurate diagnosis, based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria, is important for effective management. Migraine presents with diverse manifestations, including unilateral headache, aura symptoms, and associated factors such as photophobia and nausea. Migraine can be classified as episodic if it occurs on 14 or fewer days per month. Chronic migraine (headache for more than 15 days/month), affecting a notable proportion of sufferers, necessitates distinct diagnostic considerations. In addition to migraine with and without aura, there are specific migraine manifestations categorized as subtypes, which include hemiplegic migraine, retinal migraine, migrainous infarction, abdominal migraine, vestibular migraine, and status migrainous. Understanding the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, subtypes, phases, and triggers of migraine is essential for comprehensive management strategies and improving patient outcomes.