Carotid intima-media thickness is reduced 12months after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance

AIM: To investigate whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) - an in vivo model for normalisation of hyperglycaemia - improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

METHODS: Observational prospective study, 34 obese patients (T2D (n=14)/IGT (n=4), and NGT (n=16)) were investigated before and six and 12months after RYGB.

RESULTS: Mean carotid IMT was significantly reduced 12months after RYGB in patients with T2D/IGT (-0.041mm (95% CI -0.069; -0.012, p=0.005)) but not in patients with NGT (-0.010mm (-0.039; 0.020, p=0.52)). The between-group difference was not significant (p=0.13). Twelve months after RYGB, patients with respectively T2D/IGT and NGT demonstrated changes in weight: -29.9kg, p<0.001/-30.6kg, p<0.001, HbA1c: -0.7%, p<0.001/-0.1%, p=0.33, systolic blood pressure: -2mmHg, p=0.68/-10mmHg, p=0.01 and diastolic blood pressure: -8mmHg, p=0.003/-11mmHg, p<0.001. 80% of T2D patients terminated antihyperglycaemic medication.

CONCLUSION: Mean carotid IMT was significantly reduced 12months after RYGB in patients with T2D/IGT which provides evidence to support that the earliest atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall are reversible. Although numerically different from the changes observed in patients with NGT, the between-group difference was not statistically significant.