Associations between birth weight and glucose intolerance in adulthood among Greenlandic Inuit

Pernille Falberg Rønn, Marit Eika Jørgensen, Lærke Steenberg Smith, Peter Bjerregaard, Inger Katrine Dahl-Petersen, Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen, Niels Grarup, Gregers Stig Andersen

Abstract

AIMS: To examine the association between birth weight and glucose intolerance in adult Greenlandic Inuit.

METHODS: We examined 1429 participants aged 18-56 years from two population-based, cross-sectional studies in Greenland with information on birth weight. Oral glucose tolerance tests, anthropometric measures and ultrasound of abdominal tissue were performed. Associations of birth weight with glucose markers were analysed using linear or logistic regressions. Spline analyses were conducted to examine u-shaped associations. Adjustments were done for age, sex, birth place, family history of diabetes, genetic admixture, TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter carrier status, BMI and visceral adipose tissue.

RESULTS: The median birthweight was 3300 g and 3.9% had type 2 diabetes, T2DM. Spline analyses indicated overall linear associations. In fully adjusted analyses, an increase in birth weight of 1 kg was associated with a change in fasting plasma glucose of -0.06 mmol/L (95%CI: -0.11, -0.01), 2-h plasma glucose of -0.16 mmol/L (95%CI: -0.35, 0.02), HOMA-IR of -5.45% (95%CI: -10.34, -0.29), insulin sensitivity index of 7.04% (95%CI: 1.88, 12.45) and a trend towards a reduced risk of hyperglycaemia and T2DM, although statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight was inversely associated with hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance independently of adult adiposity. Thus, the findings support low birth weight as a contributing factor for glucose intolerance in adult Inuit in Greenland.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Vol/bind150
Sider (fra-til)129-137
Antal sider9
ISSN0168-8227
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 1 apr. 2019

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