TY - JOUR
T1 - Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
T2 - an Update for 2023
AU - Holmager, Pernille
AU - Langer, Seppo W
AU - Kjaer, Andreas
AU - Ringholm, Lene
AU - Garbyal, Rajendra Singh
AU - Hansen, Carsten Palnæs
AU - Andreassen, Mikkel
AU - Knigge, Ulrich
N1 - © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the literature from the last 5 years on treatment of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (aNEN). Furthermore, to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node metastases, indications for adjuvant treatment, and challenges of the current follow-up regimen.RECENT FINDINGS: Simple appendectomy is sufficient in tumors < 1 cm while extended surgery is indicated in tumors > 2 cm. In a multicenter study of aNENs measuring 1-2 cm, extended surgery offered no significant prognostic advantage and is now limited to incomplete tumor resection or high-grade G2 or G3 aNEN. Follow-up remains debatable, as the use of imaging and biomarkers lacks validation. While surgical procedure is well established in aNEN tumors < 1 cm and > 2 cm, the need for extended surgery in aNEN tumors 1-2 cm is questionable. Future studies should address the prognostic impact of lymph node metastases and the optimal design and duration of follow-up.
AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the literature from the last 5 years on treatment of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (aNEN). Furthermore, to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node metastases, indications for adjuvant treatment, and challenges of the current follow-up regimen.RECENT FINDINGS: Simple appendectomy is sufficient in tumors < 1 cm while extended surgery is indicated in tumors > 2 cm. In a multicenter study of aNENs measuring 1-2 cm, extended surgery offered no significant prognostic advantage and is now limited to incomplete tumor resection or high-grade G2 or G3 aNEN. Follow-up remains debatable, as the use of imaging and biomarkers lacks validation. While surgical procedure is well established in aNEN tumors < 1 cm and > 2 cm, the need for extended surgery in aNEN tumors 1-2 cm is questionable. Future studies should address the prognostic impact of lymph node metastases and the optimal design and duration of follow-up.
KW - Appendectomy
KW - Appendiceal Neoplasms/surgery
KW - Humans
KW - Lymphatic Metastasis
KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic
KW - Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis
KW - Prognosis
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - Neuroendocrine neoplasm
KW - Treatment
KW - Appendiceal
KW - Follow-up
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181192700&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11912-023-01484-4
DO - 10.1007/s11912-023-01484-4
M3 - Review
C2 - 38168835
SN - 1523-3790
VL - 26
SP - 114
EP - 120
JO - Current Oncology Reports
JF - Current Oncology Reports
IS - 2
ER -