An exploration of aphasia symptom profiles in speakers of Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic)

Research into language disorders such as aphasia and what they can reveal about the cognitive and neural underpinnings of language should be informed by crosslinguistic descriptions. It is particularly important to include languages that are highly dissimilar to widely studied languages like English. Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic) is one such language - a polysynthetic language of the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family spoken by approximately 60,000 people in Greenland and Denmark. Previous research has indicated that non-fluent aphasia in Kalaallisut exhibits different features from those found in English and similar Indo-European languages. However, previous research in this area has been limited by a low number of participants, a focus only on semispontaneous speech narratives, and the fact that a more complete description of aphasia in Kalaallisut has not been available. An essential prerequisite for incorporating data from an underresearched language in aphasiology is having sufficient information to reliably identify speakers with aphasia in that language. Gaining such information was the main aim of the present study where we tested a total of 42 speakers of Kalaallisut on repetition tests, language production tests, language comprehension tests, and working memory tests. We used a combination of qualitative judgements by a speech and language pathologist and hierarchical cluster analysis to analyse the results and were able to distinguish between presence or absence of aphasia, between levels of severity of aphasia, between apraxia of speech/dysarthria and aphasia, and to some extent between different aphasia subtypes.