TY - JOUR
T1 - All prepro-VIP-derived peptides, except PHI/PHV, are expressed in the female rat anterior pituitary and increased by estrogen
AU - Skakkebaek, M L
AU - Georg, B
AU - Mikkelsen, J D
AU - Ottesen, B
AU - Fahrenkrug, J
PY - 1995
Y1 - 1995
N2 - The expression of VIP precursor products: prepro-VIP(22-79), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), peptide histidine valine (PHV), prepro-VIP(111-122), VIP, prepro-VIP(156-170), and prepro-VIP mRNA in the anterior pituitary of estrogen-treated, ovariectomized rats, of ovariectomized controls, and of sham-operated controls was examined. Using radioimmunoassays based on antisera against each of the prepro-VIP sequences, we found that all sequences were expressed and markedly induced by estrogen, except PHI and PHV, which both were undetectable. By immunohistochemistry, it appeared that the number of cells immunoreactive for each of these sequences was increased in the estrogen-treated animals. However, PHI/PHV-immunoreactive cells could not be detected, despite the use of four different PHI antisera with different specificities. Estrogen treatment increased the prepro-VIP mRNA as judged by Northern blotting. In situ hybridization signals for both VIP mRNA and PHI mRNA were observed in few pituitary cells from control animals whereas strong positive signals were observed in a larger number of cells after estrogen treatment. The findings show that estrogen causes activation of the VIP gene expression in anterior pituitary cells, and that the absence of PHI and PHV probably is due to translational or posttranslational events.
AB - The expression of VIP precursor products: prepro-VIP(22-79), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), peptide histidine valine (PHV), prepro-VIP(111-122), VIP, prepro-VIP(156-170), and prepro-VIP mRNA in the anterior pituitary of estrogen-treated, ovariectomized rats, of ovariectomized controls, and of sham-operated controls was examined. Using radioimmunoassays based on antisera against each of the prepro-VIP sequences, we found that all sequences were expressed and markedly induced by estrogen, except PHI and PHV, which both were undetectable. By immunohistochemistry, it appeared that the number of cells immunoreactive for each of these sequences was increased in the estrogen-treated animals. However, PHI/PHV-immunoreactive cells could not be detected, despite the use of four different PHI antisera with different specificities. Estrogen treatment increased the prepro-VIP mRNA as judged by Northern blotting. In situ hybridization signals for both VIP mRNA and PHI mRNA were observed in few pituitary cells from control animals whereas strong positive signals were observed in a larger number of cells after estrogen treatment. The findings show that estrogen causes activation of the VIP gene expression in anterior pituitary cells, and that the absence of PHI and PHV probably is due to translational or posttranslational events.
KW - Amino Acid Sequence
KW - Animals
KW - Blotting, Northern
KW - Estrogens/pharmacology
KW - Female
KW - Immunohistochemistry
KW - In Situ Hybridization
KW - Molecular Sequence Data
KW - Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
KW - Peptide PHI/isolation & purification
KW - Pituitary Gland, Anterior/anatomy & histology
KW - Protein Precursors/genetics
KW - RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
KW - Radioimmunoassay
KW - Rats
KW - Rats, Wistar
KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0028849424
U2 - 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02010-t
DO - 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02010-t
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 8545253
SN - 0196-9781
VL - 16
SP - 1287
EP - 1294
JO - Peptides
JF - Peptides
IS - 7
ER -