AI and personalized medicine in healthcare: algorithmic normativity and practice configurations in Danish healthcare education

Personalized medicine (PM) is reshaping healthcare by introducing new technologies, competencies, and normative tensions. This qualitative study explores how healthcare professionals, educators, and planners involved in a Danish master’s program in PM articulate and negotiate expectations, concerns, and interpretations of artificial intelligence (AI)’s role in future clinical practice. Drawing on 24 interviews, document analysis, and 28 h of classroom observations, we apply Shove’s practice theory to examine how changes in materials (technologies), competences (skills and collaboration), and meanings (professional identity and ethical values) interact in the reconfiguration of healthcare work. We emphasize that these transformations occur through making and breaking links between elements and recursive integration, producing new practice trajectories rather than isolated technological adoption.